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Journal ArticleDOI

A Receptor Kinase-Like Protein Encoded by the Rice Disease Resistance Gene, Xa21

15 Dec 1995-Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)-Vol. 270, Iss: 5243, pp 1804-1806
TL;DR: The rice Xa21 gene, which confers resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. race 6, was isolated by positional cloning and the sequence of the predicted protein, which carries both a leucine-rich repeat motif and a serine-threonine kinase-like domain, suggests a role in cell surface recognition of a pathogen ligand and subsequent activation of an intracellular defense response.
Abstract: The rice Xa21 gene, which confers resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae race 6, was isolated by positional cloning. Fifty transgenic rice plants carrying the cloned Xa21 gene display high levels of resistance to the pathogen. The sequence of the predicted protein, which carries both a leucine-rich repeat motif and a serine-threonine kinase-like domain, suggests a role in cell surface recognition of a pathogen ligand and subsequent activation of an intracellular defense response. Characterization of Xa21 should facilitate understanding of plant disease resistance and lead to engineered resistance in rice.

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Title
A receptor kinase-like protein encoded by the rice disease resistance gene, Xa21.
Permalink
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4x0247kj
Journal
Science (New York, N.Y.), 270(5243)
ISSN
0036-8075
Authors
Song, W Y
Wang, G L
Chen, L L
et al.
Publication Date
1995-12-15
Peer reviewed
eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library
University of California




Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
14 Jun 2001-Nature
TL;DR: The current knowledge of recognition-dependent disease resistance in plants is reviewed, and a few crucial concepts are included to compare and contrast plant innate immunity with that more commonly associated with animals.
Abstract: Plants cannot move to escape environmental challenges. Biotic stresses result from a battery of potential pathogens: fungi, bacteria, nematodes and insects intercept the photosynthate produced by plants, and viruses use replication machinery at the host's expense. Plants, in turn, have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to perceive such attacks, and to translate that perception into an adaptive response. Here, we review the current knowledge of recognition-dependent disease resistance in plants. We include a few crucial concepts to compare and contrast plant innate immunity with that more commonly associated with animals. There are appreciable differences, but also surprising parallels.

3,814 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 1997
TL;DR: Emerging data indicate that the oxidative burst reflects activation of a membrane-bound NADPH oxidase closely resembling that operating in activated neutrophils, which underlies the expression of disease-resistance mechanisms.
Abstract: Rapid generation of superoxide and accumulation of H2O2 is a characteristic early feature of the hypersensitive response following perception of pathogen avirulence signals. Emerging data indicate that the oxidative burst reflects activation of a membrane-bound NADPH oxidase closely resembling that operating in activated neutrophils. The oxidants are not only direct protective agents, but H2O2 also functions as a substrate for oxidative cross-linking in the cell wall, as a threshold trigger for hypersensitive cell death, and as a diffusible signal for induction of cellular protectant genes in surrounding cells. Activation of the oxidative burst is a central component of a highly amplified and integrated signal system, also involving salicylic acid and perturbations of cytosolic Ca2+, which underlies the expression of disease-resistance mechanisms.

3,203 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Current evidence indicates that MAMPs, DAMPs, and effectors are all perceived as danger signals and induce a stereotypic defense response, and the importance of MAMP/PRR signaling for plant immunity is highlighted.
Abstract: Microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) are molecular signatures typical of whole classes of microbes, and their recognition plays a key role in innate immunity. Endogenous elicitors are similarly recognized as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). This review focuses on the diversity of MAMPs/DAMPs and on progress to identify the corresponding pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in plants. The two best-characterized MAMP/PRR pairs, flagellin/FLS2 and EF-Tu/EFR, are discussed in detail and put into a phylogenetic perspective. Both FLS2 and EFR are leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs). Upon treatment with flagellin, FLS2 forms a heteromeric complex with BAK1, an LRR-RK that also acts as coreceptor for the brassinolide receptor BRI1. The importance of MAMP/PRR signaling for plant immunity is highlighted by the finding that plant pathogens use effectors to inhibit PRR complexes or downstream signaling events. Current evidence indicates that MAMPs, DAMPs, and effectors are all perceived as danger signals and induce a stereotypic defense response.

2,801 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
24 Feb 2006-Cell
TL;DR: In this review, taking an evolutionary perspective, important discoveries over the last decade about the plant immune response are highlighted.

2,668 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The identification of a new locus, FLS2, is described, which is ubiquitously expressed and encodes a putative receptor kinase and shares structural and functional homologies with known plant resistance genes and with components involved in the innate immune system of mammals and insects.

2,056 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new approach to rapid sequence comparison, basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), directly approximates alignments that optimize a measure of local similarity, the maximal segment pair (MSP) score.

88,255 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jul 1988-Science
TL;DR: Phylogenetic mapping of the conserved protein kinase catalytic domains can serve as a useful first step in the functional characterization of these newly identified family members.
Abstract: In recent years, members of the protein kinase family have been discovered at an accelerated pace. Most were first described, not through the traditional biochemical approach of protein purification and enzyme assay, but as putative protein kinase amino acid sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequences of molecularly cloned genes or complementary DNAs. Phylogenetic mapping of the conserved protein kinase catalytic domains can serve as a useful first step in the functional characterization of these newly identified family members.

4,838 citations

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TL;DR: The results show subtle differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic sequences, but the general impression of signal sequences as being highly variable is reinforced.

2,053 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one member of the ERBB family of transmembrane gly-coprotein tyrosine receptor kinases (RTK) and stimulates intracellular signal transduction cascades that are involved in regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival.
Abstract: This is a free sample of content from Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Click here for more information or to buy the book. This is a free sample of content from Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Click here for more information or to buy the book. Front cover artwork: Stylized representations of the 20 different receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) families found in humans—accounting for a total of 58 different receptors. The common intra-cellular tyrosine kinase domain (lower part of each receptor) is shown as a red rectangle. Domains in the extracellular region (upper part of each receptor) are much more variable across families and include immunoglobulin domains (blue), fibronectin type III domains (orange), and many others. The chapters in this volume describe mechanisms by which ligand binding to the extracellular region controls activity of the intracellular kinase domain, which vary substantially across the family and drive a variety of intracellular signaling pathways. All World Wide Web addresses are accurate to the best of our knowledge at the time of printing. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, provided that the appropriate fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC). Write or call CCC at 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 (978-750-8400) for information about fees and regulations. Prior to photocopying items for educational classroom use, contact CCC at the above address. Additional information on CCC can be obtained at CCC Online at www.copyright.com.

1,710 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
26 Nov 1993-Science
TL;DR: A yeast artificial chromosome clone that spans the Pto region was identified and used to probe a leaf complementary DNA (cDNA) library, suggesting a role for Pto in a signal transduction pathway.
Abstract: The Pto gene in tomato confers resistance to races of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato that carry the avirulence gene avrPto. A yeast artificial chromosome clone that spans the Pto region was identified and used to probe a leaf complementary DNA (cDNA) library. A cDNA clone was isolated that represents a gene family, at least six members of which genetically cosegregate with Pto. When susceptible tomato plants were transformed with a cDNA from this family, they were resistant to the pathogen. Analysis of the amino acid sequence revealed similarity to serine-threonine protein kinases, suggesting a role for Pto in a signal transduction pathway.

1,439 citations