A rede de causalidade da insegurança alimentar e nutricional de comunidades quilombolas com a construção da rodovia BR-163, Pará, Brasil
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe results based on the participative and encompassing development of a model of causal determination done in six quilombola communities of Santarem, Para State, regarding the causality of food and nutrition insecurity with the construction of the BR-163 highway.
Abstract: Objective
This work describes results based on the participative and encompassing development of a model of causal determination done in six quilombola communities of Santarem, Para State, regarding the causality of food and nutrition insecurity with the construction of the BR-163 highway.
Methods
The research process used socio-anthropological approach methods based on the development of a causality model constructed by forming focal groups with community representatives.
Result
The results of the study show that the use of participative approaches stimulates the community’s self-esteem and takes control of the factors that determine its problems. The causal model reveals that, for the communities, nutrition and food insecurity establish that historical factors associated with land ownership and current use based on predatory practices are essential to understand the causal determination of food and nutrition insecurity.
Conclusion
Racism and its social nuances have contributed for the social invisibility of these communities in public Brazilian policies. The quilombola communities consider themselves in a state of nutritional and food insecurity and indicate that the construction of the BR-163 highway can be a threat to the sustainable ethnic development in the region. They also state that the economic development expected with the construction of this highway can increase hunger, poverty and racism if the communities do not participate.
Citations
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TL;DR: It is evident in the trajectory of SUS in Brazil that there are major flaws in the inclusion of historically marginalized people, jettisoning them in the process of human and social growth.
Abstract: TEMA: os quilombos fazem parte de uma epoca triste da historia do Brasil. A escravidao deixou profundas marcas no pais; feridas que ainda insistem em nao cicatrizar. Neste enredo de exclusao, desigualdades e racismo institucionalizado, emergem as comunidades de remanescentes quilombolas, lutando por acesso e politicas inclusivas para suas populacoes. O acesso em saude no Brasil e, ainda, uma questao muito polemica desde a criacao do Sistema Unico de Saude. As populacoes quilombolas reivindicam direito a saude plena e integral. OBJETIVO: apresentar aos profissionais de saude uma reflexao sobre as questoes pertinentes as populacoes quilombolas e suas dificuldades na defesa de seus direitos de acesso a atencao em saude. CONCLUSAO: sao evidentes na trajetoria do SUS no Brasil as grandes falhas na inclusao de pessoas historicamente marginalizadas, alijando-as do processo de crescimento humano e social. As politicas publicas em saude devem buscar a equidade por meio da atencao inclusiva a grupos especiais, de maneira especial a comunidades quilombolas brasileiras.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed nutritional status, estimated the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity, and investigated factors associated with these outcomes in a two-stage random sample of adults in quilombos (communities that descend from African slaves) in Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia State, Brazil, in 2011.
Abstract: This study analyzes nutritional status, estimates the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity, and investigates factors associated with these outcomes in a two-stage random sample of adults (> 20 years) in quilombos (communities that descend from African slaves) in Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia State, Brazil, in 2011. Among 739 participants, prevalence rates were 31.8% and 10.2% for overweight and obesity, respectively, and 55.7% for increased waist-to-height ratio (> 0.50). Prevalence of overweight was higher among 30-39-year-olds, while abdominal obesity was more frequent among older individuals. Female sex, eating chicken or beef with untrimmed fat, and hypertension were associated with higher odds of overweight and abdominal obesity, while smoking and single marital status were associated with lower odds. The results show high prevalence rates for overweight and abdominal obesity in these very poor and socially isolated communities. Specific preventive and control measures are urgently needed.
40 citations
TL;DR: Interventions are urgently needed to strengthen and promote public policies aimed to improve living conditions and food security in Quilombolas communities in Brazil.
Abstract: Objective To identify the factors associated with food insecurity among Quilombolas communities in Brazil. Design An analysis of secondary data assessed in the 2011 Quilombolas Census was performed. The Brazilian Food Insecurity Measurement Scale (Escala Brasileira de Inseguranca Alimentar, EBIA) was used to assess household food security status. Sociodemographic conditions and access to social programmes and benefits were also evaluated. Setting National survey census from recognized Quilombolas Brazilian territories. Subjects Quilombolas households (n 8846). Results About half (47·8 %) of the Quilombolas lived in severely food-insecure households, with the North and Northeast regions facing the most critical situation. Households located in North Brazil, whose head of the family had less than 4 years of education, with a monthly per capita income below $US 44, without adequate sanitation and without adequate water supply had the greatest chance of experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity. Households that had access to a water supply programme for dry regions (Programa Cisternas) and an agricultural harvest subsidy programme (Programa Garantia Safra) had less chance of experiencing moderate and severe food insecurity. Households that did not have access to health care (Programa Saude da Familia) had greater chance of suffering from moderate or severe food insecurity. Conclusions Interventions are urgently needed to strengthen and promote public policies aimed to improve living conditions and food security in Quilombolas communities.
27 citations
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this article, a constituicao do campo cientifico da Alimentacao e Cultura no Brasil, tomando por norte as concepcoes de Bourdieu, is presented.
Abstract: Este estudo tem por objeto a constituicao do campo cientifico da Alimentacao e Cultura no Brasil, tomando por norte as concepcoes de Bourdieu. Descrevemos o parque cientifico a que esse campo corresponde, sua distribuicao geografica e institucional, sua insercao nas areas do conhecimento, as questoes investigadas, a qualificacao dos pesquisadores, sua producao academica e seus vinculos com programas de pos-graduacao stricto sensu; suas sociedades e organizacoes cientificas sao objetivos mais especificos deste artigo. Tres espacos sociais do mundo da ciencia estao em jogo: "Sociologia e Antropologia", "Saude Coletiva" e "Alimentacao e Nutricao", que tem incorporado no habitus de seu agente principal, o pesquisador das Ciencias da Saude, as reflexoes, potencialidades e recursos metodologicos oriundos das Ciencias Sociais e Humanas. A teia de significados tecida nesse lugar de encontro entre distintos saberes se encontra marcada pela visao hegemonica biomedica, se ressente e demanda um dominio mais solido de conceitos e metodos capazes de enfrentar a complexidade da realidade e dos problemas alem das bancadas dos laboratorios, na vida em sociedade.
27 citations
TL;DR: The apparent contradiction of excess weight and food insecurity occurring simultaneously indicates the need of revising the study instruments and the causal network that identify poverty.
Abstract: Objective: To characterize the nutritional status of quilombola students and determine the food security status of their households. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with students aged six to nineteen years from quilombola communities in twelve municipalities of Goias categorized by age, gender, school location (urban/rural), and nutritional status based on the World Health Organization's height-for-age and body mass index for-age charts. The Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale was used for measuring food (in)security in their families. Descriptive and association analyses were conducted using the Chi-square test at a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: In a sample of 226 students, overweight (17.2%) was more common than malnutrition (1.3%), especially in students attending urban schools (28.2%) (p<0.05). Most (75.2%) quilombola families experienced food insecurity, especially mild. Conclusion: The apparent contradiction of excess weight and food insecurity occurring simultaneously indicates the need of revising the study instruments and the causal network that identify poverty.
26 citations
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01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: The notion of "povos tradicionais" was introduced by as discussed by the authors, who defined a set of categories of "territorios sociais" in Brazil: "Terras Indigenas", "Remanescentes das Comunidades dos Quilombos" and "Reservas Extrativistas".
Abstract: Neste artigo, o vinculo entre as diversidades fundiaria e sociocultural no Brasil e analisado por meio de abordagem cosmografica e historica da territorialidade. As multiplas fronteiras em expansao no Brasil Colonial provocaram inumeros processos de resistencia, fuga, mesticagem e etnogenese por parte dos povos indigenas e negros escravizados, resultando em uma grande variedade de “territorios sociais” nao reconhecidos formalmente. No seculo XX, as categorias territoriais de “Terras Indigenas”, “Remanescentes das Comunidades dos Quilombos” e “Reservas Extrativistas” foram criadas, as quais misturaram elementos do marco juridico do Estado com as formas tradicionais de territorialidade. Nesse contexto, os regimes de propriedade comum, o pertencimento afetivo a lugares especificos e a memoria coletiva desse pertencimento formam o cerne empirico do conceito de “povos tradicionais”, ao mesmo tempo que ele se transforma em uma categoria politica usada endogenamente por povos indigenas, quilombolas, seringueiros, caicaras e outros grupos para defender seus direitos territoriais.
203 citations
01 Jul 2001
125 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a trabalho discute as razoes pelas quais se considera ainda necessario no Brasil a implementacao de politicas agricolas e agrarias voltadas for pequenos produtores familiares.
Abstract: O trabalho discute as razoes pelas quais se considera ainda necessario no Brasil a implementacao de politicas agricolas e agrarias voltadas para pequenos produtores familiares. Sao criticadas as visoes predominantes, comuns tanto a esquerda quanto a direita, baseadas em falsas analogias com o caso dos paises desenvolvidos, as quais consideram que nao ha mais espaco no pais para politicas do tipo proposto. A importância da producao familiar e enfatizada tambem atraves de uma breve apresentacao dos dados do censo agricola do IBGE. Finalmente, na secao conclusiva do trabalho sao apresentadas algumas propostas de desenvolvimento rural sustentavel baseado na producao familiar.
124 citations