A review of potentially low-cost sorbents for heavy metals
TL;DR: The use of low-cost sorbents has been investigated as a replacement for current costly methods of removing heavy metals from solution as mentioned in this paper, where natural materials or waste products from certain industries with a high capacity for heavy metals can be obtained, employed and disposed of with little cost.
About: This article is published in Water Research.The article was published on 1999-08-01. It has received 3026 citations till now.
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TL;DR: It is evident from a literature survey of about 210 recent papers that low-cost sorbents have demonstrated outstanding removal capabilities for certain dyes, and chitosan might be a promising adsorbent for environmental and purification purposes.
3,906 citations
Cites background from "A review of potentially low-cost so..."
...Thus, a direct comparison of data obtained using different low-cost sorbents is difficult because of inconsistencies in the data presentation (Babel and Kurniawan, 2003; Bailey et al., 1999)....
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...(1998), Banat et al. (1996) and Cooper (1993)....
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...3 Banat et al. (2003) Fly ash Basic blue 9 75....
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...Bark is an effective adsorbent because of its high tannin content (Bailey et al., 1999; Morais et al., 1999)....
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...According to Bailey et al. (1999), a sorbent can be considered low-cost if it requires little processing, is abundant in nature or is a by-product or waste material from another industry....
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TL;DR: From a comprehensive literature review, it was found that some LCAs, in addition to having wide availability, have fast kinetics and appreciable adsorption capacities too.
3,163 citations
TL;DR: It is evident from a literature survey of about 185 recently published papers that low-cost adsorbents have demonstrated outstanding removal capabilities for MB, and these include agricultural wastes, industrial solid wastes, biomass, clays minerals and zeolites.
2,493 citations
Cites background from "A review of potentially low-cost so..."
...An adsorbent can be considered as low cost if it requires little processing and abundant in nature [81]....
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...[81] S....
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TL;DR: The biosorbents widely used for heavy metal removal were reviewed, mainly focusing on their cellular structure, biosorption performance, their pretreatment, modification, regeneration/reuse, modeling of biosor adaptation (isotherm and kinetic models), the development of novel biosorbent, their evaluation, potential application and future.
2,281 citations
TL;DR: A review of the use of chitosan and its grafted and crosslinked derivatives for dye removal from aqueous solutions can be found in this paper, which summarizes the key advances and results that have been obtained in their decolorizing application as biosorbents.
1,974 citations
References
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TL;DR: Biomass of nonliving, dried brown marine algae Sargassum natans, Fucus vesiculosus, and Ascophyllum nodosum demonstrated high equilibrium uptake of cadmium from aqueous solutions and there was no damage to the biosorbent which retained its macroscopic appearance and performance in repeated metal uptake/elution cycles.
Abstract: Biomass of nonliving, dried brown marine algae Sargassum natans, Fucus vesiculosus, and Ascophyllum nodosum demonstrated high equilibrium uptake of cadmium from aqueous solutions. The metal uptake by these materials was quantitatively evaluated using sorption isotherms. Biomass of A. nodosum accumulated the highest amount of cadmium exceeding 100 mg Cd[sup 2+]/g (at the residual concentration of 100 mg Cd/L and pH 3.5), outperforming a commercial ion exchange resin DUOLITE GT-73. A new biosorbent material based on A. nodosum biomass was obtained by reinforcing the algal biomass by formaldehyde cross-linking. The prepared sorbent possessed good mechanical properties, chemical stability of the cell wall polysaccharides and low swelling volume. Desorption of deposited cadmium with 0.1-0.5 M HCl resulted in no changes of the biosorbent metal uptake capacity through five subsequent adsorption/desorption cycles. There was no damage to the biosorbent which retained its macroscopic appearance and performance in repeated metal uptake/elution cycles.
523 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that sphagnum moss peat, which is essentially oligotrophic, in concentrations ranging from 4 to 40 g/l can be used effectively to remove hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions.
369 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the removal of heavy metals from wastewater using adsorbants such as waste tea, Turkish coffee, exhausted coffee, nut and walnut shells has been investigated, and batch studies showed that these adsorbents exhibit a good adsorption potential for A1 (III) metalions.
351 citations
TL;DR: Chitosan is a glucosamine biopolymer capable of adsorbing transition-metal ions from aqueous solution as mentioned in this paper, and it can be crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and then freeze dried.
Abstract: Chitosan is a glucosamine biopolymer capable of adsorbing transition-metal ions from aqueous solution. Highly porous chitosan beads were prepared by dropwise addition of an acidic chitosan solution into a sodium hydroxide solution precipitation bath. The gelled chitosan beads were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde and then freeze dried. Beads of 1- and 3-mm diameter were prepared. Beads of 1-mm diameter possessed surface areas exceeding 150 m 2 /g and mean pore sizes of 560 A and were insoluble in acid media at pH 2. Well-mixed batch adsorption experiments revealed that both metal and hydronium ions compete for available adsorption sites by a chelation mechanism
326 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the sorption of chromate ions from aqueous solutions on bentonite has been studied by a batch technique and the mean free energy of sorption, E, for Cr(VI) is 10 kJ/mol.
308 citations