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Journal ArticleDOI

A review of process planning techniques in layered manufacturing

01 Mar 2000-Rapid Prototyping Journal (MCB UP Ltd)-Vol. 6, Iss: 1, pp 18-35
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define, conceptualize and review the literature in this emerging area, and conclude with future projections on the possible directions of research in this area and present the essential tasks in LM.
Abstract: Layered manufacturing (LM) is emerging as a new manufacturing technology that can enhance the scope of manufacturing. One of the essential tasks in LM is process planning. This paper defines, conceptualizes and reviews the literature in this emerging area. The paper concludes with future projections on the possible directions of research in this area.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The need for existing and potential future AM project managers to have an implementation framework to guide their efforts in adopting this new and potentially disruptive technology class to produce high value products and generate new business opportunities is addressed.

637 citations


Cites background from "A review of process planning techni..."

  • ...Since the development of many of these technologies has occurred simultaneously, there are various similarities as well as distinct differences between each one [2]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review and critically discuss salient published literature relating to the development of hybrid additive and subtractive processes (WHASPs) and identify future avenues for research and development.
Abstract: By synergistically combining additive and subtractive processes within a single workstation, the relative merits of each process may be harnessed. This facilitates the manufacture of internal, overhanging and high aspect ratio features with desirable geometric accuracy and surface characteristics. The ability to work, measure and then rework material enables the reincarnation and repair of damaged, high-value components. These techniques present significant opportunities to improve material utilisation, part complexity and quality management in functional parts. The number of single platform workstations for hybrid additive and subtractive processes (WHASPs) is increasing. Many of these integrate additive directed energy deposition (DED) with subtractive CNC machining within a highly mobile multi-axis machine tool. Advanced numerical control (NC), and computer aided design (CAD), manufacture (CAM) and inspection (CAI) help to govern the process. This research reviews and critically discusses salient published literature relating to the development of WHASPs, and identifies future avenues for research and development. It reports on state-of-the-art WHASP systems, identifying key traits and research gaps. Finally, a future vision for WHASPs and other hybrid machine tools is presented based upon emerging trends and future opportunities within this research area.

301 citations


Cites background from "A review of process planning techni..."

  • ...[8] have reviewed process planning in layered manufacturing....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that a 3D printable provisional restorative material allows for sufficient mechanical properties for intraoral use, despite the limited 3D printing accuracy of the printing system of choice.

276 citations

PatentDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe methods and systems of stereolithography for building cost-efficient and time-saving multi-material, multi-functional and multi-colored prototypes, models and devices configured for intermediate washing and curing/drying.

275 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The purpose of this paper is to paint a more realistic picture by identifying ten challenges that clearly illustrate the limitations of this technology, which makes it just as vulnerable as anything else that had been touted before as the next game changer.
Abstract: Three dimensional printing has gained considerable interest lately due to the proliferation of inexpensive devices as well as open source software that drive those devices. Public interest is often followed by media coverage that tends to sensationalize technology. Based on popular articles, the public may create the impression that 3D printing is the Holy Grail; we are going to print everything as one piece, traditional manufacturing is at the brink of collapse, and exotic applications, such as cloning a human body by 3D bio-printing, are just around the corner. The purpose of this paper is to paint a more realistic picture by identifying ten challenges that clearly illustrate the limitations of this technology, which makes it just as vulnerable as anything else that had been touted before as the next game changer.

265 citations


Cites background or methods from "A review of process planning techni..."

  • ...Part accuracy, build time, and the amount of support structure tend to be regarded as the most important variables to minimize or maximize [12]....

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  • ...The slicing process prepares the model for deposition path planning [12]....

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  • ...This can be done on either the STL file or on the CAD model itself [12]....

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  • ...This additional printing can also increase the time it takes to produce a part [12]....

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  • ...The idea of path planning is to determine a geometric path for the tool to deposit, scan, sinter, or whatever the process requires [12]....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a methodology for optimal shape design based on homogenization, which is related to modern production techniques and consists of computing the optimal distribution in space of an anisotropic material that is constructed by introducing an infimum of periodically distributed small holes in a given homogeneous, i.i.
Abstract: Optimal shape design of structural elements based on boundary variations results in final designs that are topologically equivalent to the initial choice of design, and general, stable computational schemes for this approach often require some kind of remeshing of the finite element approximation of the analysis problem. This paper presents a methodology for optimal shape design where both these drawbacks can be avoided. The method is related to modern production techniques and consists of computing the optimal distribution in space of an anisotropic material that is constructed by introducing an infimum of periodically distributed small holes in a given homogeneous, i~otropic material, with the requirement that the resulting structure can carry the given loads as well as satisfy other design requirements. The computation of effective material properties for the anisotropic material is carried out using the method of homogenization. Computational results are presented and compared with results obtained by boundary variations.

5,858 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The principles and the features of the main RP&M technologies and applications are presented and some existing problems and research issues on these new technologies are introduced.
Abstract: Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing (RP&M) technologies have emerged for quickly creating 3D products directly from computer-aided design systems. These technologies significantly improve the present prototyping practices in industry. This paper reviews the main technologies and applications of RP&M. The principles and the features of those RP&M technologies are presented. Some existing problems and research issues on these new technologies are introduced. We also include two current research and application examples in using rapid prototyping for further illustration.

574 citations

01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: In this article, the authors give a state-of-the-art overview of rapid prototyping techniques, like stereolithography, selective laser sintering, ballistic particle manufacturing and others.
Abstract: Summary The paper gives a state-of-the-art overview of so called rapid prototyping techniques, like stereolithography, selective laser sintering, ballistic particle manufacturing and others. These are new manufacturing techniques in which the part is produced by gradually growing material to the required shape. A tentative classification and nomenclature is proposed. It is shown that those new processes are ideally suited for CIM. The paper tries to compare the different processes and discuss their application and performances.

516 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give a state-of-the-art overview of rapid prototyping techniques, like stereolithography, selective laser sintering, ballistic particle manufacturing and others.

500 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper overviews several procedures for generating the layers from a cad model such that the resulting part can be accurately manufactured using LMT.
Abstract: The 1980s witnessed the emergence of new manufacturing technologies that build parts layer by layer. These layered-manufacturing techniques can significantly reduce the design-to-product leadtimes. The paper overviews several procedures for generating the layers from a cad model such that the resulting part can be accurately manufactured using LMT.

339 citations