A review of the long-term protection after hepatitis A and B vaccination.
TL;DR: All available data on monovalent and combined hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccines indicates that there is no support for a hepatitis A or hepatitis B booster when a complete primary vaccination course is offered to immunocompetent individuals, and hepatitis A booster vaccination is presently considered as unnecessary in fully vaccinated individuals.
About: This article is published in Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease.The article was published on 2007-03-01. It has received 126 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Hepatitis B vaccine & Hepatitis A vaccine.
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TL;DR: This article analyzed multiple compartments of circulating immune memory to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 254 samples from 188 COVID-19 cases, including 43 samples at ≥ 6 months after infection.
Abstract: Understanding immune memory to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for improving diagnostics and vaccines and for assessing the likely future course of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed multiple compartments of circulating immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 in 254 samples from 188 COVID-19 cases, including 43 samples at ≥6 months after infection. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) to the spike protein was relatively stable over 6+ months. Spike-specific memory B cells were more abundant at 6 months than at 1 month after symptom onset. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells declined with a half-life of 3 to 5 months. By studying antibody, memory B cell, CD4+ T cell, and CD8+ T cell memory to SARS-CoV-2 in an integrated manner, we observed that each component of SARS-CoV-2 immune memory exhibited distinct kinetics.
1,980 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a picture has begun to emerge that reveals that CD4+ T cells, CD8+ Tcells, and neutralizing antibodies all contribute to control SARS-CoV-2 in both non-hospitalized and hospitalized cases of COVID-19.
1,092 citations
TL;DR: In the total vaccinated cohort (all women who received at least one vaccine dose, regardless of their serological and DNA status prior to vaccination), Cervarix™ induced significantly higher serum neutralizing antibody titers in all age strata.
Abstract: This observer-blind study compared the prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, Cervarix (GlaxoSmithKline) and Gardasil (Merck), by assessing immunogenicity and safety through one month after completion of the three-dose vaccination course. Women (n = 1106) were stratified by age (18-26, 27-35, 36-45 years) and randomized (1:1) to receive Cervarix (Months 0, 1, 6) or Gardasil (Months 0, 2, 6). At Month 7 after first vaccination, all women in the according-to-protocol cohort who were seronegative/DNA negative before vaccination for the HPV type analyzed had seroconverted for HPV-16 and HPV-18 serum neutralizing antibodies, as measured by pseudovirion-based neutralization assay (PBNA), except for two women aged 27-35 years in the Gardasil group who did not seroconvert for HPV-18 (98%). Geometric mean titers of serum neutralizing antibodies ranged from 2.3-4.8-fold higher for HPV-16 and 6.8-9.1-fold higher for HPV-18 after vaccination with Cervarix compared with Gardasil, across all age strata. In the total vaccinated cohort (all women who received at least one vaccine dose, regardless of their serological and DNA status prior to vaccination), Cervarix induced significantly higher serum neutralizing antibody titers in all age strata (p or= 84%) for both vaccines. Although the importance of differences in magnitude of immune response between these vaccines is unknown, they may represent determinants of duration of protection against HPV-16/18. Long-term studies evaluating duration of efficacy after vaccination are needed for both vaccines.
411 citations
TL;DR: Pre-transfusion testing and post-Transfusion long-term follow-up of recipients, and molecular analysis of the virus infecting both donor and recipient are critical to definitively incriminate transfusion in the transmission of HBV.
195 citations
TL;DR: A cohort of children and adolescents is growing up in the United States with high rates of immunity against HBV and very low rates of infection.
Abstract: Current estimates of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, exposure, and immunity are needed to assess the effectiveness of programs to prevent transmission. This study of 39 787 par...
154 citations
References
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TL;DR: Routine booster vaccination should not be needed to sustain immunologic memory and protection within 5 years and perhaps longer after the primary vaccination series.
371 citations
TL;DR: Strong immunological memory persists more than 10 years after immunisation of infants and adolescents with a primary course of vaccination, and booster doses of vaccine do not seem necessary to ensure long-term protection.
347 citations
TL;DR: Data is reported on the persistence of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), incidence of HBV infection, and the genetic characteristics of the HBV isolates in persons with breakthrough infections 15 years after initial vaccination of this cohort.
Abstract: The duration of protection afforded by hepatitis B vaccination is unknown. In this cohort of Alaska Natives who received vaccination against hepatitis, antibody levels decreased over a 15-year peri...
300 citations