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A review on new generation orodispersible tablets and its future prospective

TL;DR: The new generation of orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) technologies is no longer limited by dosage strength, bitter active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and narrow therapeutic applications.
Abstract: Advancements in oral delivery of active ingredients include a number of technologies, many of which may be classified as oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs). A number of companies have marketed products using various nomenclatures including ODT as well as their own trademarked names. The new generation of orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) technologies is no longer limited by dosage strength, bitter active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and narrow therapeutic applications. Today’s emerging technologies can produce robust, versatile tablets with exceptional taste masking and controlled release, broadening the applications of this dosage form. Over the last decade, ODTs have grown steadily in demand and importance as a convenient, potentially safer alternative to conventional tablets and capsules. ODTs are solid dosage forms that disintegrate in the mouth in less than 60 seconds, and are thus swallowed without the need for water. Since their introduction to the market in the 1980s, ODTs have become one of the fastest‐growing segments of the oral drug delivery industry, and their product pipeline is rapidly expanding. They are particularly beneficial to people who have difficulty taking conventional solid dosage forms, including children, the elderly, patients who have swallowing difficulties, the mentally ill, and the disabled. This review depicts the various formulation techniques, ingredients used, and overview of patented formulations.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is envisaged that in the future, buccal and sublingual delivery technologies will provide a platform for the successful delivery of vaccines and antigens, and it is foreseen that physical means of enhancing drug uptake will be commercialized for buCCal delivery, thereby expanding the current drug candidate list for this area.
Abstract: Introduction: There have been several advances in the delivery of drugs through the buccal mucosa over the last 5 years, which have resulted in a number of new buccal delivery products appearing on the market. Areas covered: This review discusses the most recent developments in the area of buccal and sublingual drug delivery, with a focus on marketed drugs. Likely future directions are also considered and reported. Expert opinion: The future potential of buccal and sublingual delivery systems looks favorable. It is envisaged that in the future, buccal and sublingual delivery technologies will provide a platform for the successful delivery of vaccines and antigens. It is also foreseen that physical means of enhancing drug uptake (e.g., sonophoresis, iontophoresis and electroporation) will be commercialized for buccal delivery, thereby expanding the current drug candidate list for this area. The formulation of delivery systems for photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy is a potential emerging area, while ...

71 citations


Cites background from "A review on new generation orodispe..."

  • ...The reader is referred to the recent papers that extensively review the technologies [2,3]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The development of immediate release therapy provides an opportunity for a line extension in the marketplace, a wide range of drugs e.g., neuroleptics, cardiovascular drugs, analgesics, antihistamines and other drugs can be considered candidates for this dosage form.
Abstract: Among all dosage forms tablet is the most popular dosage form existing today because of its convenience of self administration, compactness and easy manufacturing; sometimes immediate onset of action is required than conventional therapy in many cases. So that to overcome these drawbacks, immediate release dosage form has emerged as alternative oral dosage forms. Immediate drug release dosage forms disintegrate rapidly after administration with enhanced rate of dissolution. The basic approach used in development tablets is the use of superdisintegrants like Cross linked Polyvinylpyrrolidone or crospovidone (Polyplasdone), Sodium starch glycolate (Primogel, Explotab), carboxymethylcellulose (Croscarmellose) etc. These superdisintegrants provide instantaneous disintegration of tablet after administration in stomach. In this field immediate release liquid dosage forms and parenteral dosage form have also been introduced for treating patients. In liquid dosage form can be suspensions with typical dispersion agents like hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, AOT (dioctylsulfosuccinate) etc. The development of immediate release therapy also provides an opportunity for a line extension in the marketplace, a wide range of drugs e.g., neuroleptics, cardiovascular drugs, analgesics, antihistamines and other drugs can be considered candidates for this dosage form. As a drug entity nears the end of its patent life, it is common for pharmaceutical manufacturers to develop a given drug entity in a new and improved dosage form. A new dosage form allows a manufacturer to extend market exclusivity, while offering its patient population a more convenient dosage form or dosing regimen. Keywords: - : Immediate release, polymers, superdisintegrant.

62 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review is about oral dispersible tablets a novel approach in drug delivery systems that are now a day's more focused in formulation world, and laid a new path that helped the patients to build their compliance level with the therapy, also reduced the cost and ease the administration.
Abstract: Dosage form is a mean used for the delivery of drug to a living body. In order to get the desired effect the drug should be delivered to its site of action at such rate and concentration to achieve the maximum therapeutic effect and minimum adverse effect. Since oral route is still widely accepted route but having a common drawback of difficulty in swallowing of tablets and capsules. Therefore a lot of research has been done on novel drug delivery systems. This review is about oral dispersible tablets a novel approach in drug delivery systems that are now a day's more focused in formulation world, and laid a new path that, helped the patients to build their compliance level with the therapy, also reduced the cost and ease the administration especially in case of pediatrics and geriatrics. Quick absorption, rapid onset of action and reduction in drug loss properties are the basic advantages of this dosage form.

55 citations


Cites methods from "A review on new generation orodispe..."

  • ...Different methods are adopted to manufacture the orodispersible tablets with the aim of giving fast disintegration to the dosage form as it gets in contact with saliva with good agreeable moth feeling[13]....

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01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: This tablet format is designed to allow administration of an oral solid dose form in the absence of water or fluid intake and has been formulated for pediatric, geriatric, and bedridden patients and for active patients who are busy and traveling and may not have access to water.
Abstract: Fast dissolving Tablets are disintegrating and/or dissolve rapidly in the saliva without the need for water. Some tablets are designed to dissolve in saliva remarkably fast, within a few seconds, and are true fast-dissolving tablets. Others contain agents to enhance the rate of tablet disintegration in the oral cavity, and are more appropriately termed fast-disintegrating tablets, as they may take up to a minute to completely disintegrate. Oral delivery is currently the gold standard in the pharmaceutical industry where it is regarded as the safest, most convenient and most economical method of drug delivery having the highest patient compliance. This tablet format is designed to allow administration of an oral solid dose form in the absence of water or fluid intake. Such tablets readily dissolve or disintegrate in the saliva generally within <60 seconds. Fastor mouth dissolving tablets have been formulated for pediatric, geriatric, and bedridden patients and for active patients who are busy and traveling and may not have access to water. Such formulations provide an opportunity for product line extension in the Many elderly persons will have difficulties in taking conventional oral dosage forms (viz., solutions, suspensions, tablets, and capsules) because of hand tremors and dysphagia. Swallowing problems also are common in young individuals because of their underdeveloped muscular and nervous systems. Other groups that may experience problems using conventional oral dosage forms include the mentally ill, the developmentally disabled, and patients who are uncooperative, on reduced liquid-intake plans, or are nauseated. In some cases such as motion sickness, sudden episodes of allergic attack or coughing, and an unavailability of water, swallowing conventional tablets may be difficult. __________________________________________________________________________________________

39 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The exceptional binding, fast wetting and superdisintegration properties of Cop–CM, in comparison with commercially available co-processed ODT excipients, results in a unique multifunctional base which can successfully be used in the formulation of oro-dispersible and fast immediate release tablets.
Abstract: This study describes the preparation, characterization and performance of a novel excipient for use in oro-dispersible tablets (ODT). The excipient (Cop–CM) consists of chitin and mannitol. The excipient with optimal physicochemical properties was obtained at a chitin: mannitol ratio of 2:8 (w/w) and produced by roll compaction (RC). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform-Infrared (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques were used to characterize Cop–CM, in addition to characterization of its powder and ODT dosage form. The effect of particle size distribution of Cop–CM was investigated and found to have no significant influence on the overall tablet physical properties. The compressibility parameter (a) for Cop–CM was calculated from a Kawakita plot and found to be higher (0.661) than that of mannitol (0.576) due to the presence of the highly compressible chitin (0.818). Montelukast sodium and domperidone ODTs produced, using Cop–CM, displayed excellent physicochemical properties. The exceptional binding, fast wetting and superdisintegration properties of Cop–CM, in comparison with commercially available co-processed ODT excipients, results in a unique multifunctional base which can successfully be used in the formulation of oro-dispersible and fast immediate release tablets.

27 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Many patients find it difficult to swallow tablets and hard gelatin capsules and do not take their medication as prescribed, but such problems can be resolved by means of the Zydis dosage form which does not require water to aid swallowing.
Abstract: Many patients find it difficult to swallow tablets and hard gelatin capsules and do not take their medication as prescribed. It is estimated that 50% of the population is affected by this problem which results in a high incidence of non-compliance and ineffective therapy. The difficulty is experienced in particular by paediatric and geriatric patients, but it also applies to people who are ill in bed and to those active working patients who are busy or travelling, especially those who have no access to water. Such problems can be resolved by means of the Zydis dosage form which does not require water to aid swallowing. The Zydis fast-dissolving dosage form is a unique freeze dried medicinal tablet, made from well known and acceptable materials. When Zydis units are put into the mouth, the freeze dried structure disintegrates instantaneously releasing the drug which dissolves or disperses in the saliva. The saliva containing the dissolved or dispersed medicament is then swallowed and the drug is absorbed in the normal way. Some drugs are absorbed from the mouth, pharynx and oesophagus as the saliva passes down into the stomach. In these cases, the bioavailabilities of drugs from Zydis formulations are significantly greater than those observed from standard dosage forms. This paper deals with the formulation and process technology of the Zydis dosage form. The bioavailability characteristics of Zydis products are summarized, and in particular, the design of Zydis products for the enhancement of oral bioavailability and the improvement of clinical activity, through transmucosal delivery and pregastric absorption, is discussed.

695 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: This artide describes existing fast-dissolving technologies and discusses several techniques used to formulate such tablets, namely tablet molding, freeze-drying, spray-Drying, sublimation, disintegrant addition, and the use of sugar-based excipients.
Abstract: Fast-dissolving tablet technologies are important for patients who have difficulty taking conventional oral dosage forms as well as for pharmeceutical firms seeking line extensions in the marketplace. This artide describes existing fast-dissolving technologies and discusses several techniques used to formulate such tablets, namely tablet molding, freeze-drying, spray-drying, sublimation, disintegrant addition, and the use of sugar-based excipients.

378 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that for obtaining a rapidly disintegrating dosage form, tablets should be prepared using an optimum concentration of camphor and a higher percentage of crospovidone.
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to develop mouth dissolve tablets of nimesulide. Granules containing nimesulide, camphor, crospovidone, and lactose were prepared by wet granulation technique. Camphor was sublimed from the dried granules by exposure to vacuum. The porous granules were then compressed. Alternatively, tablets were first prepared percentage friability, wetting time, and disintegration time. In the investigation, a 32 full factorial design was used to investigate the joint influence of 2 formulation variables: amount of camphor and crospovidone. The results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that for obtaining a rapidly disintegrating dosage form, tablets should be prepared using an optimum concentration of camphor and a higher percentage of crospovidone. A contour plot is also presented to graphically represent the effect of the independent variables on the disintegration time and percentage friability. A checkpoint batch was also prepared to prove the validity of the evolved mathematical model. Sublimation of camphor from tablets resulted in superior tablets as compared with the tablets prepared from granules that were exposed to vacuum. The systematic formulation approach helped in understanding the effect of formulation processing variables.

280 citations

01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: Mouth Dissolving Tablets play a major role in improving the patient's compliance and rapidly disintegrate in the saliva hence obviating the need of the water.
Abstract: The past decade has thrown open the doors for continuous technological advancements in the pharmaceutical sector. Mouth Dissolving Tablets are one of the fruitful results of these technological advancements. MD tablets play a major role in improving the patient's compliance. They rapidly disintegrate in the saliva hence obviating the need of the water. With the increasing incidences of non-compliance among the patients, Mouth dissolving tablets are the perfect answer to all these problems. A variety of drugs can be administered in the form of MD tablets as they give the advantage of the liquid medication in the solid preparation. These novel types of dosage forms have found acceptance among the geriatric, pediatric and dysphagic patients.

232 citations

Patent
27 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In this article, a method of producing a fast dissolving tablet comprising compression-molding a composition comprising an active ingredient, a carbohydrate and a barely sufficient amount of water to moisten the surface of particles of said carbohydrate into a tablet form and obtainable by the method.
Abstract: A method of producing a fast dissolving tablet comprising compression-molding a composition comprising an active ingredient, a carbohydrate and a barely sufficient amount of water to moisten the surface of particles of said carbohydrate into a tablet form and a fast dissolving tablet obtainable by the method. The active ingredient may for example be a vitamin, a gastrointestinal function conditioning agent or an antipyretic-analgesic-antiinflammatory agent. The carbohydrate includes sugar, starch sugars, lactose, honey, sugar alcohols and tetroses. The amount of water to be added is about 0.3 to 10% by weight. The above fast dissolving tablet has a porous structure with excellent disintegratability and solubility as well as adequate strength.

220 citations