A review on small scale wind turbines
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance, blade design, control and manufacturing of horizontal axis and vertical axis wind turbines are reviewed based on experimental and numerical studies and lessons learnt from various studies/countries on actual installation of small wind turbines were presented.
Abstract: Meeting future world energy needs while addressing climatic changes has led to greater strain on conventional power sources. One of the viable sustainable energy sources is wind. But the installation large scale wind farms has a potential impact on the climatic conditions, hence a decentralized small scale wind turbines is a sustainable option. This paper presents review of on different types of small scale wind turbines i.e., horizontal axis and vertical axis wind turbines. The performance, blade design, control and manufacturing of horizontal axis wind turbines were reviewed. Vertical axis wind turbines were categorized based on experimental and numerical studies. Also, the positioning of wind turbines and aero-acoustic aspects were presented. Additionally, lessons learnt from various studies/countries on actual installation of small wind turbines were presented.
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TL;DR: The paper summarizes the works led to the current wind energy and hydro energy harvesters based on the principle of flow- induced vibrations, including bladeless generator Vortex Bladeless, University of Michigan vortex-induced vibrations aquatic clean energy, Australian BPS company's airfoil tidal energy capture device bioSTREAM, and others.
313 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the variations in loads and moments on the turbine as well as the experienced angle of attack, shed vorticity and boundary layer events (leading edge and trailing edge separation, laminar-to-turbulent transition) as a function of pitch angle.
262 citations
Cites background from "A review on small scale wind turbin..."
...However, they require further performance optimization to become competitive with horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) as they currently have a lower power coefficient (CP)....
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...Early development of VAWTs in the 1970s–1980s [8] could not lead to competitive designs in terms of performance and lifetime compared to HAWTs [7,9], possibly due to insufficient understanding of the complex aerodynamics of VAWTs....
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...They offer several advantages over HAWTs: omni-directional operation (hence no need for a yaw control mechanism), lower manufacturing costs due to simple blade profile and shape (no twist or taper), lower installation and maintenance costs due to having the generator installed at ground level (or sea level in case of offshore application), good scalability, robustness and lower noise level due to lower operational tip speed ratios (k) [7]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the domain size and azimuthal increment on the performance of a 2-bladed VAWT operating at a moderate tip speed ratio of 4.5 using 2-dimensional and 2.5-dimensional simulations with the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS).
192 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative analysis of seven commonly-used eddy-viscosity turbulence models for CFD simulations of VAWTs is presented, including the Spalart-Allmaras (SA), RNG k-e, realizable K-e and SST k-ω, with an additional intermittency transition model (SSTI), k-kl-ω and transition SST (TSST) K-ω models.
181 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of state-of-the-art damage detection techniques for WTBs, including most of those updated methods based on strain measurement, acoustic emission, ultrasound, vibration, thermography and machine vision are provided.
176 citations
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688 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a combined experimental and computational study into the aerodynamics and performance of a small scale vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) was presented, where wind tunnel tests were carried out to ascertain overall performance of the turbine and two-and three-dimensional unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were generated to help understand the aerodynamic of this performance.
631 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed various configurations of VAWT along with their merits and demerits and found that coefficient of power for various configurations is different and can be optimized with reference to Tip Speed Ratio.
Abstract: Increased concern for environment has led to the search for more environment friendly sources of energy. Wind energy can be a viable option in this regard. Vertical axis wind turbines offer promising solution for areas away from the integrated grid systems. However, they have certain drawbacks associated with different configurations. This paper reviews various configurations of VAWT along with their merits and demerits. Moreover, design techniques employed for VAWT design have also been reviewed along with their results. It was learned that coefficient of power (CP) for various configurations is different and can be optimized with reference to Tip Speed Ratio. Latest emerging design techniques can be helpful in this optimization. Furthermore, flow field around the blade can also be investigated with the help of these design techniques for safe operation.
413 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a CFD model for the evaluation of energy performance and aerodynamic forces acting on a straight-bladed vertical-axis Darrieus wind turbine is presented. But the model is not suitable for the application of wind turbines to the power grid.
409 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a Savonius rotor wind turbine was tested in the Vought Corporation Systems Division 4.9- x 6.1m Low Speed Wind Tunnel to determine aerodynamic performance.
Abstract: Fifteen configurations of a Savonius rotor wind turbine were tested in the Vought Corporation Systems Division 4.9- x 6.1-m Low Speed Wind Tunnel to determine aerodynamic performance. The range of values of the varied parameters was as follows: number of buckets, 2 and 3; nominal freestream velocity, 7 and 14 m/s; Reynolds number per meter, 4.32 x 10/sup 5/ and 8.67 x 10/sup 5/; rotor height, 1 and 1.5 m; rotor diameter (nominal), 1 m; bucket overlap, 0.0 to 0.1 m. The measured test variables were torque, rotational speed, and tunnel conditions. It is concluded that increasing Reynolds number and/or aspect ratio improves performance. The recommended configuration consists of two sets of two-bucket rotors, rotated 90 deg apart, with each rotor having a dimensionless gap width of 0.1 to 0.15.
381 citations