A satellite-based biodiversity dynamics capability in tropical forest
01 Jan 2013-Vol. 18, pp 1171-1180
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on the assessment of vegetation in Alwar district (Rajasthan) using forest inventory and geospatial approaches and developed a model for vegetation at plot level and the associated spectral characteristics.
Abstract: Remotely sensed data are widely used in ecological applications because of its great advantages. Increasing availability of remotely sensed images due to the rapid advancement of remote sensing technology expands the horizon of our choices of imagery sources. Remote sensing provides quick, accurate, cost-effective as well as a time effective method for vegetation cover mapping. The present paper focus on the assessment of vegetation in Alwar district (Rajasthan) using forest inventory and geospatial approaches. Vegetation indices among other methods have been reliable in monitoring vegetation change. One of the most widely used indices for vegetation monitoring is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index because vegetation differential absorbs visible incident solar radiant and reflects much of the infrared. Data on vegetation biophysical characteristics can be derived from visible and NIR and mid-infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Four forest types, namely Anogeissus pendula, Boswellia serrata, mixed Anogeissus butea and mixed Acacia zizyphus are mainly dominant in the forest cover of Alwar district. Satellite data of Awifs (2010) give precise information of vegetation through reflectance value. This paper aimed to develop a model for vegetation at plot level and the associated spectral characteristics. These spectral classes of the imagery are finally translated into the vegetation types in the image Vol. 18 [2013], Bund. F 1172 interpretation process, which is also called image processing. Hence, at the end an overview of how to use remote sensing imagery to classify and map vegetation cover was achieved.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the change in total carbon in two different scenarios using Markov chain and InVEST model for the years 2000, 2018 and predicted for 2035 and found that 1.351 Tg carbon has already been lost from 2000 to 2018 in the forest area of Sariska Tiger Reserve and another 0.107 Tg of carbon is expected to be lost in the predicted future.
82 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used spectral angle mapper to identify species, provide spatial distribution of the species and estimate the biomass in the mangrove forest, Bhitarkanika India.
Abstract: The objective of this research is to identify species, provide spatial distribution of the species and estimate the biomass in the mangrove Forest, Bhitarkanika India. Mangrove ecosystems play an important role in regulating carbon cycling, thus having a significant impact on global environmental change. Extensive studies have been conducted for the estimation of mangrove species identification and biomass estimation. However, estimation at a regional level with species-wise biomass distribution has been insufficiently investigated in the past because either research focuses on the species distribution or biomass assessment. Study shows that good relationship has been achieved between stem volume (field measured data) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) derived from satellite image and further these two indices are employed to estimate the biomass in the study site. Three models- linear, logarithmic and polynomial (second degree) are used to estimate biomass derived from EVI and NDVI. The hyperspectral data (spatial resolution ~ 30 m) is utilised to identify ten mangrove plant species. We have prepared the spatial distribution map of these species using spectral angle mapper. We have also generated mangrove species-wise biomass distribution map of the study site along with areal coverage of each species. The results indicate that the Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. and Cynometra iripa Kostel has the highest biomass among all ten identified species, 643.12 Mg ha−1 and 652.14 Mg ha−1. Our study provided a positive relationship between NDVI, EVI, and the estimated biomass of Bhitarkanika Forest Reserve Odisha India. The study finds a similar results for both NDVI and EVI derived biomass, while linear regression has more significant results than the polynomial (second degree) and logarithmic regression derived biomass. The polynomial is found slightly better than the logarithmic when using the EVI as compared to NDVI derived biomass. The spatial distribution of species-wise biomass map obtained in this study using both, EVI and NDVI could be used to provide useful information for biodiversity assessment along with the sustainable solutions to different problems associated with the mangrove forest biodiversity. Thus, biomass assessment of larger regions can be achieved by utilization of remote sensing based indices as concluded in the present study.
57 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the site-specific infield fertilizer treatments, its application rate discrepancies and crop yield assessment using rice equivalent productivity in terms of their economic potential using MOD13A1-normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were analyzed.
Abstract: This paper analyzes the site-specific infield fertilizer treatments, its application rate discrepancies and crop yield assessment using rice equivalent productivity in terms of their economic potential using MOD13A1-normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (a moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiomete derived 16 day composite normalized difference vegetation index product, with spatial resolution of 500 m). Soil quality and final crop yield response to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers were taken from selected experimental Agri-plots in the part of Kuru region in North India, to calculate site-specific rice equivalent yield (REY) in the crop year of 2005-2006. A 3 × 3 spatial window average pixel reflectance of the NDVI layer at the regional level was used to assess its relationship with contemporaneous cropping systems, such as rice-wheat, rice-sugarcane, and rice-onion in the study area. A robust linear regressive relationship of R
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= 0.69, has been found between site-specific vegetation index values and calculated REY. Inverse distance weighted spatial interpolation method was used to analyze the spatial variability of three major fertilizer nutrients (NPK) response in the study area. The potassium nutrient availability showed high levels of spatial autocorrelation, suggesting that proper fertilizer application ratio with genuine irrigation practices may be used for underpinning of the high crop yield variety acreages. In order to strengthen the crop productivity, we have suggested the diversified triple-based cropping systems with satellite mounted sensor derived NDVI products as a holistic and feasible monitoring approach.
49 citations
Cites methods from "A satellite-based biodiversity dyna..."
...The satellite image has been pre-processed to rectify the geometrical errors [10], [14]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the impact of urban heat island (UHI) on land surface temperature in Haridwar district, Uttrakhand India and Kanpur district, Uttar Pradesh in India has been investigated.
44 citations
Cites background from "A satellite-based biodiversity dyna..."
...There are numerous studies conducted to assess the adverse impact of UHI in past decades, and results demonstrated around the major cities of the world such as Athens, Greece (Katsoulis and Theoharatos, 1985), Paris, France (Dettwiller, 1970), Singapore and Kuala Lampur (Tso, 1996), Tokyo, Japan (Fukui, 1968) and Washington DC, USA (Kim, 1992)....
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...…the adverse impact of UHI in past decades, and results demonstrated around the major cities of the world such as Athens, Greece (Katsoulis and Theoharatos, 1985), Paris, France (Dettwiller, 1970), Singapore and Kuala Lampur (Tso, 1996), Tokyo, Japan (Fukui, 1968) and Washington DC, USA (Kim, 1992)....
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TL;DR: The study findings confirm that hyperspectral images such as those from Hyperion can be used to perform species-wise mangrove analysis and assess the carbon stocks with satisfactory accuracy.
Abstract: Mangrove forest coastal ecosystems contain significant amount of carbon stocks and contribute to approximately 15% of the total carbon sequestered in ocean sediments. The present study aims at exploring the ability of Earth Observation EO-1 Hyperion hyperspectral sensor in estimating aboveground carbon stocks in mangrove forests. Bhitarkanika mangrove forest has been used as case study, where field measurements of the biomass and carbon were acquired simultaneously with the satellite data. The spatial distribution of most dominant mangrove species was identified using the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classifier, which was implemented using the spectral profiles extracted from the hyperspectral data. SAM performed well, identifying the total area that each of the major species covers (overall kappa = 0.81). From the hyperspectral images, the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index) were applied to assess the carbon stocks of the various species using machine learning (Linear, Polynomial, Logarithmic, Radial Basis Function (RBF), and Sigmoidal Function) models. NDVI and EVI is generated using covariance matrix based band selection algorithm. All the five machine learning models were tested between the carbon measured in the field sampling and the carbon estimated by the vegetation indices NDVI and EVI was satisfactory (Pearson correlation coefficient, R, of 86.98% for EVI and of 84.1% for NDVI), with the RBF model showing the best results in comparison to other models. As such, the aboveground carbon stocks for species-wise mangrove for the study area was estimated. Our study findings confirm that hyperspectral images such as those from Hyperion can be used to perform species-wise mangrove analysis and assess the carbon stocks with satisfactory accuracy.
38 citations
Cites background from "A satellite-based biodiversity dyna..."
...The higher the NDVI value, the higher will the density of forest or vegetation be because of the high NIR reflectance and low Red reflectance coming from dense vegetation [88,89]....
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References
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Book•
01 Jan 1968
1,998 citations
"A satellite-based biodiversity dyna..." refers background in this paper
...Thorn Forest" [15] are present in the study area....
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...G 1173 Thorn Forest" [15] are present in the study area....
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...On the basis of structural attributes two major vegetation types "Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest" and "Tropical Vol. 18 [2013], Bund....
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934 citations
"A satellite-based biodiversity dyna..." refers background in this paper
...Remote sensing satellite data aims for the achieving higher accuracy and more detailed results for classifications ([1-5])....
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TL;DR: In this article, a method for the radiometric correction of wide field-of-view airborne imagery has been developed that accounts for the angular dependence of the path radiance and atmospheric transmittance functions to remove atmospheric and topographic effects.
Abstract: A method for the radiometric correction of wide field-of-view airborne imagery has been developed that accounts for the angular dependence of the path radiance and atmospheric transmittance functions to remove atmospheric and topographic effects. The first part of processing is the parametric geocoding of the scene to obtain a geocoded, orthorectified image and the view geometry (scan and azimuth angles) for each pixel as described in part 1 of this jointly submitted paper. The second part of the processing performs the combined atmospheric/ topographic correction. It uses a database of look-up tables of the atmospheric correction functions (path radiance, atmospheric transmittance, direct and diffuse solar flux) calculated with a radiative transfer code. Additionally, the terrain shape obtained from a digital elevation model is taken into account. The issues of the database size and accuracy requirements are critically discussed. The method supports all common types of imaging airborne optical instrument...
578 citations
"A satellite-based biodiversity dyna..." refers background in this paper
...In the past several decades, air photo interpretation has played an important role in detailed vegetation mapping ([6-7])....
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TL;DR: In this article, a textural/spectral approach was used to classify nine cover types using a texture analysis based on the grey-level co-occurrence matrix method and a factor analysis was performed to evaluate the contribution of texture features to the classification accuracy.
Abstract: Absfruct-Nine cover types have been classified using a textural/ spectral approach. The texture analysis is based on the grey-level cooccurrence matrix method. Texture features are created from a SPOT near-infrared image using four texture indices, seven window sizes, and two quantization levels. A supervised classification based on the maximum-likelihood algorithm is applied to the three SPOT multispectral bands combined with each texture image individually and to the three bands combined with all four texture images. Classification accuracy is measured by Kappa coefficients calculated from confusion matrices. A factor analysis, based on principal components, is performed to evaluate the contribution to the classification accuracy of each variable involved in the creation of the texture features. The addition of texture features provides a significant improvement in the classification accuracy of each cover type when compared with the results obtained from the multispectral analysis alone. The window size accounts for 90% of the classification variability, 7% is explained by the statistics used as texture measures, and only 3% by the quantization level. There is a window size that optimizes the discrimination of each cover type.
363 citations
"A satellite-based biodiversity dyna..." refers background in this paper
...While the high spatial resolution remote sensing imagery provides more information than coarse resolution imagery for detailed observation of vegetation, the increasingly smaller spatial resolution does not necessarily benefit classification performance and accuracy ([8-9])....
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TL;DR: An operational orthorectification solution in support of the combined geometric and radiometric processing of currently available imaging spectrometry data is presented and the depicted geo-atmospheric workflow is proposed as a standard processing approach for available and future imaging spectromaetry data.
Abstract: An operational orthorectification solution in support of the combined geometric and radiometric processing of currently available imaging spectrometry data is presented. The described parametric geocoding procedure (PARGE) strictly considers the aircraft and terrain geometry parameters and uses a forward transformation algorithm to create orthorectified imaging spectrometry cubes. The implementation principles, the auxiliary data calibration strategies, and the workflow of the currently applied processor are discussed. The major error sources of the approach are identified, and possibilities are shown how to make the most out of the available auxiliary data Inertial Navigation System/Global Positioning System (INS/GPS) parameters. Results on HyMap and AVIRIS imaging spectrometry data show an absolute accuracy in the range of 1-3 pixels for this kind of imagery. The combination of PARGE with an atmospheric correction procedure is shown in part 2 to this paper. The depicted geo-atmospheric workflow is propo...
284 citations
"A satellite-based biodiversity dyna..." refers background in this paper
...While the high spatial resolution remote sensing imagery provides more information than coarse resolution imagery for detailed observation of vegetation, the increasingly smaller spatial resolution does not necessarily benefit classification performance and accuracy ([8-9])....
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