A Sensor Fault Detection and Isolation Method in Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives Based on an Extended Kalman Filter
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a sensor fault detection and isolation algorithm based on an extended Kalman filter for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs), which is robust to system random noise and efficient in realtime implementation.
Abstract: Interior permanent-magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) become attractive candidates in modern hybrid electric vehicles and industrial applications. Usually, to obtain good control performance, the electric drives of this kind of motor require one position, one dc link, and at least two current sensors. Failure of any of these sensors might lead to degraded system performance or even instability. As such, sensor fault resilient control becomes a very important issue in modern drive systems. This paper proposes a novel sensor fault detection and isolation algorithm based on an extended Kalman filter. It is robust to system random noise and efficient in real-time implementation. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is compact and can detect and isolate all the sensor faults for IPMSM drives. Thorough theoretical analysis is provided, and the effectiveness of the proposed approach is proven by extensive experimental results.
Citations
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TL;DR: The three-part survey paper aims to give a comprehensive review of real-time fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control, with particular attention on the results reported in the last decade.
Abstract: With the continuous increase in complexity and expense of industrial systems, there is less tolerance for performance degradation, productivity decrease, and safety hazards, which greatly necessitates to detect and identify any kinds of potential abnormalities and faults as early as possible and implement real-time fault-tolerant operation for minimizing performance degradation and avoiding dangerous situations. During the last four decades, fruitful results have been reported about fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control methods and their applications in a variety of engineering systems. The three-part survey paper aims to give a comprehensive review of real-time fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control, with particular attention on the results reported in the last decade. In this paper, fault diagnosis approaches and their applications are comprehensively reviewed from model- and signal-based perspectives, respectively.
2,026 citations
TL;DR: A reconfiguration scheme, based on higher order sliding mode (HOSM) observer, is proposed in the event of sensor faults/failures to maintain a good control performance and is presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed fault-detection scheme.
Abstract: This paper investigates the problem of automatic speed tracking control of an electric vehicle (EV) that is powered by a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). A reconfiguration scheme, based on higher order sliding mode (HOSM) observer, is proposed in the event of sensor faults/failures to maintain a good control performance. The corresponding controlled motor output torque drives EVs to track the desired vehicle reference speed for providing uninterrupted vehicle safe operation. The effectiveness of the overall sensor fault-tolerant speed tracking control is highlighted when an EV is subjected to disturbances like aerodynamic load force and road roughness using high-fidelity software package CarSim. Experiments with a 26-W, three-phase PMSM are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed fault-detection scheme.
315 citations
TL;DR: This paper provides a comprehensive survey on the state-of-the-art condition monitoring and fault diagnostic technologies for wind turbines.
Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive survey on the state-of-the-art condition monitoring and fault diagnostic technologies for wind turbines. The Part II of this survey focuses on the signals and signal processing methods used for wind turbine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis.
301 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a robust fault diagnostic method for multiple insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) open-circuit faults and current sensor faults in three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) is presented.
Abstract: Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) drives using three-phase voltage-source inverters (VSIs) are currently used in many industrial applications. The reliability of VSIs is one of the most important factors to improve the reliability and availability levels of the drive. Accordingly, this paper presents a robust fault diagnostic method for multiple insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) open-circuit faults and current sensor faults in three-phase PMSM drives. The proposed observer-based algorithm relies on an adaptive threshold for fault diagnosis. Current sensor and open-circuit faults can be distinguished and the faulty sensors and/or power semiconductors are effectively isolated. The proposed technique is robust to machine parameters and load variations. Several simulation and experimental results using a vector-controlled PMSM drive are presented, showing the diagnostic algorithm robustness against false alarms and its effectiveness in both IGBTs and current sensors fault diagnosis.
171 citations
TL;DR: A new technique for fault detection and isolation to make the traditional vector-controlled induction motor (IM) drive fault tolerant against current and speed sensor failure.
Abstract: This paper presents a new technique for fault detection and isolation to make the traditional vector-controlled induction motor (IM) drive fault tolerant against current and speed sensor failure. The proposed current estimation uses d- and q-axes currents and is independent of the switching states of the three-leg inverter. While the technique introduces a new concept of vector rotation to generate potential estimates of the currents, speed is estimated by one of the available model reference adaptive system (MRAS) based formulations. A logic-based decision mechanism selects the right estimate and reconfigures the system (by rejecting the signal from the faulty sensors). Such algorithm is suitable for different drives, including electric vehicles to avoid complete shutdown of the system, in case of sensor failure. The proposed method is extensively simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and experimentally validated through a dSPACE-1104-based laboratory prototype.
163 citations
References
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TL;DR: Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control methods, which shows that the estimation error of rotor position based on the identified permanent magnet flux is limited within a very low level.
Abstract: In order to realize precise rotor position/speed control of ac motor drives under sensorless operation, motor parameters should be online estimated. In this paper, the identification on permanent magnet flux of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) under position sensorless control is investigated. A rotor-flux-oriented vector control with model reference adaptive system (MRAS)-based rotor position/speed estimation is employed as the basic control strategy for IPMSM drive. An identification scheme based on extended Kalman filter for the permanent magnet flux of IPMSM is proposed. By using this scheme, the identification problems due to low-order state equations of IPMSM can be avoided. Based on these works, the online permanent magnet flux identification of IPMSM with rotor position/speed senseless control is realized. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control methods, which shows that the estimation error of rotor position based on the identified permanent magnet flux is limited within a very low level.
277 citations
12 Oct 2003
TL;DR: A control strategy that provides fault tolerance to the major sensor faults which may occur in an interior-permanent-magnet-motor (IPMM)-based electric vehicle propulsion drive system is presented.
Abstract: This work presents a control strategy that provides fault tolerance to the major sensor faults which may occur in an interior-permanent-magnet-motor (IPMM)-based electric vehicle propulsion drive system Failures of a position sensor, a dc-link voltage sensor, and current sensors are all included in the study assuming no multiple faults For each possible sensor fault, a corresponding method of detection or diagnosis is provided Additionally, once the fault is detected, the control scheme is automatically reconfigured to provide post-fault operational capability A state observer is used to provide missing current information in the case of current sensor faults Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of both the fault detection algorithm and the reconfigurable control scheme The resulting IPMM drive system proves to be resilient to sensor failures while providing smooth transition to the post-fault operational mode
234 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that, unlike the other proposed model-based fault-tolerant systems, using a bank of observers is not necessary, and only one current observer with rotor-resistance estimation is sufficient for isolation of all sensors' faults.
Abstract: A sensor fault detection and isolation unit is considered for induction-motor drives based on an adaptive observer with rotor-resistance estimation. Generally, closed-loop induction-motor drives with voltage-source inverters use a speed or position, a dc-link voltage, and two or three phase-current sensors. In the proposed fault-detection and isolation unit, the estimated phase currents and rotor resistance are sent to a decision-making unit, which identifies the faulty sensor type based on a deterministic rule base. In the case of a current-sensor failure, it also detects the phase with erroneous sensor output. It is shown that, unlike the other proposed model-based fault-tolerant systems, using a bank of observers is not necessary, and only one current observer with rotor-resistance estimation is sufficient for isolation of all sensors' faults. The accuracy of the proposed approach is analytically proved. Furthermore, extensive simulation and experimental tests verify the effectiveness of the proposed method at different operating conditions.
197 citations
TL;DR: This paper proposes a novel speed-sensorless direct torque and flux control scheme for an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive that uses a new stator flux observer based on the extended rotor flux concept that is immune to speed estimation errors.
Abstract: This paper proposes a novel speed-sensorless direct torque and flux control scheme for an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive. The drive uses a new stator flux observer based on the extended rotor flux concept. Due to the simultaneous implementation of stationary and rotating reference frames, the proposed observer does not require any speed adaptation and is inherently sensorless. Unlike speed adaptive observers, the proposed observer is immune to speed estimation errors; thus, its performance at very low speed is improved significantly. A novel stator resistance estimator is incorporated into the sensorless drive to compensate the effects of stator resistance variation. The global asymptotic stabilities of both the flux observer and stator resistance estimator are guaranteed by the Lyapunov stability analysis. Simulation and experimental results at very low speeds, including 0 and 5 r/min, confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
193 citations
TL;DR: Simulation results show the global effectiveness of the proposed approaches, particularly the one based on modern and intelligent control techniques in terms of speed and torque smoothness.
Abstract: This paper describes active fault-tolerant control systems for a high-performance induction-motor drive that propels an electrical vehicle (EV) or a hybrid one (HEV). The proposed systems adaptively reorganize themselves in the event of sensor loss or sensor recovery to sustain the best control performance, given the complement of remaining sensors. Moreover, the developed systems take into account the controller-transition smoothness, in terms of speed and torque transients. The two proposed fault-tolerant control strategies have been simulated on a 4-kW induction-motor drive, and speed and torque responses have been carried to evaluate the consistency and the performance of the proposed approaches. Simulation results, in terms of speed and torque responses, show the global effectiveness of the proposed approaches, particularly the one based on modern and intelligent control techniques in terms of speed and torque smoothness
188 citations