A Simple and Inexpensive Implementation of Time Division Multiplier for two Quadrant Operation

Abstract: Time-division multiplier (TDM) can be developed using triangular wave or sawtooth wave as reference clock. However, Rathor and Bhattacharya developed a TDM without using any reference clock. Rathor...

Abstract: The following novel techniques for analog multiplication using operational amplifiers are proposed in this paper. (1) Sigma delta multiplier, (2) sigma integrated multiplier, (3) sigma single slope multiplier, and (4) sigma sampled multiplier. In all the above four techniques, the constant of multiplication is dependent upon two reference voltages. Employing precision sources for the reference voltages, one can achieve an acceptable level of accuracy. Verification of the feasibility of the circuit configurations are established by way of test results on a proto type.

Abstract: A method of obtaining a multiplier cum divider by using (1) a pulse with integrated multiplier and (2) a time division multiplier is explained in this paper. Both the multipliers use a sawtooth wav...

Abstract: Time-division analog multiplier is the measurement core of reference electrical energy meter. The measurement accuracy of time-division analog multiplier is improved by using signal conversion and phase lock technologies and symmetrical triangle wave generator. Signal conversion and phase-locked technology will be measured signal and triangle wave generator of time division multiplier correlation processing, to achieve triangle wave generator of time division power multiplier and measured signal full cycle synchronization. A symmetrical triangle wave generator with reference level accuracy is developed, which makes the measurement accuracy of time-division analog multiplier reached 20ppm and meet the measurement requirements of 50ppm reference electrical energy meter.

Abstract: Franco's "Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits, 3e" is intended for a design-oriented course in applications with operational amplifiers and analog ICs. It also serves as a comprehensive reference for practicing engineers. This new edition includes enhanced pedagogy (additional problems, more in-depth coverage of negative feedback, more effective layout), updated technology (current-feedback and folded-cascode amplifiers, and low-voltage amplifiers), and increased topical coverage (current-feedback amplifiers, switching regulators and phase-locked loops). Table of contents 1 Operational Amplifier Fundamentals 2 Circuits with Resistive Feedback 3 Active Filters: Part I 4 Active Filters: Part II 5 Static Op Amp Limitations 6 Dynamic Op Amp Limitations 7 Noise 8 Stability 9 Nonlinear Circuits 10 Signal Generators 11 Voltage References and Regulators 12 D-A and A-D Converters 13 Nonlinear Amplifiers and Phase-Locked Loops

Abstract: The time division multiplier-type wattmeter is based on a new principle of operation. An operational amplifier operates as an integrator of the sum of Ez (one of the two inputs) and either +E8, or -E8, E8 being an internal standardized voltage. A pulse-width modulation in the form of switch reversals is obtained which differs from balance condition by an amount proportional to Ex. Instantaneous multiplication provides a wattmeter with dc accuracy of ± 0.1 percent up to at least 10 kHz. The output voltage is ± 1 volt for a ± 1-volt input from Ex and Ey. To obtain the required flat frequency characteristics, a coupling transformer and an adjustable resistor are provided. A time constant of 6.8 X 10-9 seconds has been achieved. The voltage signal is readily provided by a precision ratiotran. Errors of ± 0.0001 percent in magnitude and 50 microradians in phase angle are reasonable.