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Journal ArticleDOI

A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues.

01 May 1957-Journal of Biological Chemistry (American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology)-Vol. 226, Iss: 1, pp 497-509
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors described a simplified version of the method and reported the results of a study of its application to different tissues, including the efficiency of the washing procedure in terms of the removal from tissue lipides of some non-lipide substances of special biochemical interest.
About: This article is published in Journal of Biological Chemistry.The article was published on 1957-05-01 and is currently open access. It has received 59550 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Triglyceride transport.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
22 Jan 2010-Cell
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that either dietary or genetic obesity is a potent bona fide liver tumor promoter in mice and obesity-promoted HCC development was dependent on enhanced production of the tumor-promoting cytokines IL-6 and TNF, which cause hepatic inflammation and activation of the oncogenic transcription factor STAT3.

1,537 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
16 Feb 2011-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: This work has combined targeted and non-targeted NMR, GC-MS and LC-MS methods with computer-aided literature mining to identify and quantify a comprehensive, if not absolutely complete, set of metabolites commonly detected and quantified (with today's technology) in the human serum metabolome.
Abstract: Continuing improvements in analytical technology along with an increased interest in performing comprehensive, quantitative metabolic profiling, is leading to increased interest pressures within the metabolomics community to develop centralized metabolite reference resources for certain clinically important biofluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid, urine and blood. As part of an ongoing effort to systematically characterize the human metabolome through the Human Metabolome Project, we have undertaken the task of characterizing the human serum metabolome. In doing so, we have combined targeted and non-targeted NMR, GC-MS and LC-MS methods with computer-aided literature mining to identify and quantify a comprehensive, if not absolutely complete, set of metabolites commonly detected and quantified (with today's technology) in the human serum metabolome. Our use of multiple metabolomics platforms and technologies allowed us to substantially enhance the level of metabolome coverage while critically assessing the relative strengths and weaknesses of these platforms or technologies. Tables containing the complete set of 4229 confirmed and highly probable human serum compounds, their concentrations, related literature references and links to their known disease associations are freely available at http://www.serummetabolome.ca.

1,423 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is raised that a prerequisite for the regulation of cholestero-genesis in cultured fibroblasts is the initial binding of low density lipoproteins to the high affinity surface receptor sites and that a defect in this process represents the primary genetic abnormality in the disorder familial hypercholesterolemia.

1,421 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Phospholipid arachidonate has been established as the major source of the malonaldehyde produced during microsomal lipid peroxidation.
Abstract: The thiobarbituric acid reacting material produced during enzymatic microsomal lipid peroxidation has been identified as malonaldehyde. The malonaldehyde was condensed with urea to form 2-hydroxy-pyrimidine, which was identified by its ultraviolet spectrum, chromato-graphic properties, and mass spectrum. Incubations with phosphatidyl choline labelled with tritiated arachidonate yielded 2-hydroxy-pyrimidine with a specific activity nearly equal to that of the phospholipid arachidonate. Incubations with tritiated arachidonic acid yielded 2-hydroxy-pyrimidine with a specific activity nearly 2 orders of magnitude less than that of free arachidonic acid. Therefore, phospholipid arachidonate has been established as the major source of the malonaldehyde produced during microsomal lipid peroxidation.

1,391 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These findings demonstrate an unexpected role for the PPARalpha-FGF21 endocrine signaling pathway in regulating diverse metabolic and behavioral aspects of the adaptive response to starvation.

1,374 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Jordi Folch1, I. Ascoli1, Marjorie B. Lees1, J.A. Meath1, F. N. LeBaron1 
TL;DR: A simple method is described for the preparation of extracts of total pure lipides from brain tissue by homogenizing the tissue with a chloroform-methanol mixture and washing free of non-lipide contaminants.

1,203 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The values for cerebrosides found in the current literature include gangliosides, and other investigators (JOHNSON, MCNABB, and ROSSITER, 1950; CUMINGS, 1953; BLACKWOOD and CUMings, 1954) have neglected the ganglariosides.
Abstract: THE extensive research work in the physiological and pathological processes in which lipids are involved has increased the necessity for accurate micromethods for their quantitative estimation. BRANTE (1949) reviewed modern micromethods for the determination of the lipids in nervous tissue, and made a thorough investigation of the various factors which may influence them. Like most other investigators, BRANTE determined the cerebroside content only by estimating the reducing substances in a lipid extract before and after hydrolysis. From the important work of KLENK and collaborators (KLENK, 1941, 1942; KLENK and LANGERBEINS, 1941 ; SCHUWIRTH. 1940) we know that cerebrosides are not the only lipids containing carbohydrates in the central nervous system. They have isolated gangliosides from the brain and determined their amount in different nervous tissues. Besides these two glycolipids, a third has been described by ARSOVE, FOLCH, and MEATH (1951a). They named the new lipid strandin, but my preparations like DAWN'S (1952), showed that strandin consisted of gangliosides in a different physico-chemical state contaminated with low-molecular substances and mucopolysaccharides. CHATAGNON and CHATAGNON (1953, 1954) have suggested that sphingomyelin is also a part of the complex. BRANTE (1949) discussed the interference of gangliosides on the cerebroside values, and we (BRANTE and SVENNERHOLM, 1949, 1951) determined both total glycolipids and gangliosides in some foetuses. Other investigators (JOHNSON, MCNABB, and ROSSITER, 1950; CUMINGS, 1953; BLACKWOOD and CUMINGS, 1954) have neglected the gangliosides. Therefore the values for cerebrosides found in the current literature include gangliosides. EDGAR (1955) who has thoroughly discussed the problem, used the term glyco-sphingosides instead of cerebrosides. He has also made some estimations of both gangliosides and cerebrosides. Consequently, the carbohydrates in a lipid extract are derived from at least two lipid sources. But lipid extracts are contaminated to some extent with low-molecular substances, partly of carbohydrate nature. It is impossible to remove them completely by the methods generally used, i.e., precipitation of the lipids before extraction or re-extraction of a primary lipid extract. Generally, the error introduced by the contaminants is negligible i n the determination of glycolipids in adult nervous tissue, but this is not so in foetal tissue, where the amount of glycolipids is low and that of the contaminants is both relatively and absolutely higher. FOLCH, ASCOLI, LEES. MEATH, and LEBARON (1951b), however, succeeded in removing these substanccs by partition dialysis. By this procedure the gangliosides too are separated from the other lipids. It therefore appeared that it might be possible to use this method to separate cerebrosides from other substances containing carbohydrates.

533 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The isolation from brain tissue of a substance to which the name of strandin has been given for descriptive purposes is reported, which has the property of forming long strands that show perfect orientation under polarized light.

253 citations