A simulation and experimental study on the deep drawing process of SPCC sheet using the graphical method
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for finite element (FE) simulation of a deep drawing process of a cold-rolled carbon steel (SPCC) sheet material based on the graphical method was presented.
Abstract: This study presents a method for finite element (FE) simulation of a deep drawing process of a cold-rolled carbon steel (SPCC) sheet material based on the graphical method. First, uniaxial tensile specimens were prepared and experimental tests were conducted to determine the flow stress curves. The calculation of the fracture points at special strain modes (plane strain, uniaxial tensile strain, and biaxial tensile strain) was presented using the modified maximum force criterion (MMFC). After that, the graphical method was adopted for the estimation of the forming limit curve (FLC) based on several hardening laws. FE models for a deep drawing process of the SPCC sheet were then built using the calculated FLCs. Using FE simulations, the fracture heights of cylinder cups formed by the deep drawing process were finally determined and compared with those from experiments. The results showed a good agreement between simulated and measured fracture height with a maximum of 3.6 % deviation. Additionally, simulations and corresponding experiments were performed to investigate the effects of the blank holder force, punch corner radius, and drawing ratio on the fracture height of cylinder cups.
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TL;DR: In this article , the modified maximum force criterion was used to ensure an accurate determination of the forming limit curve (FLC) for the SUS304 sheet metal, and the accuracy of the predicted FLCs was further tested by comparing the fracture height of the samples according to the Nakazima model in the FEM simulation and the corresponding experiments.
Abstract: In this study, the modified maximum force criterion was used to ensure an accurate determination of the forming limit curve (FLC) for the SUS304 sheet metal. At first, the stress–strain curves according to Voce and Swift hardening models were verified using the experimental data and the stress function deduced by Hill in 1984 to predict FLCs. The accuracy of the FLCs was evaluated by analyzing the equivalent fracture strain data at three distinct locations: Biaxial tensile strain (BT, [Formula: see text]), uniaxial tensile strain (UT, [Formula: see text]), and plane strain (PS, [Formula: see text]), and then comparing them with the corresponding linear FLC experimental data. The accuracy of the predicted FLCs was further tested by comparing the fracture height of the samples according to the Nakazima model in the FEM simulation and the corresponding experiments.
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TL;DR: In this article, a theory is suggested which describes the yielding and plastic flow of an anisotropic metal on a macroscopic scale and associated relations are then found between the stress and strain-increment tensors.
Abstract: A theory is suggested which describes, on a macroscopic scale, the yielding and plastic flow of an anisotropic metal. The type of anisotropy considered is that resulting from preferred orientation. A yield criterion is postulated on general grounds which is similar in form to the Huber-Mises criterion for isotropic metals, but which contains six parameters specifying the state of anisotropy. By using von Mises' concept (1928) of a plastic potential, associated relations are then found between the stress and strain-increment tensors. The theory is applied to experiments of Korber & Hoff (1928) on the necking under uniaxial tension of thin strips cut from rolled sheet. It is shown, in full agreement with experimental data, that there are generally two, equally possible, necking directions whose orientation depends on the angle between the strip axis and the rolling direction. As a second example, pure torsion of a thin-walled cylinder is analyzed. With increasing twist anisotropy is developed. In accordance with recent observations by Swift (1947), the theory predicts changes in length of the cylinder. The theory is also applied to determine the earing positions in cups deep-drawn from rolled sheet.
3,426 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical analysis of the process of the generation of the groove based on anisotropic plasticity theory is presented, and the system of equations derived was solved numerically with the aid of a computer, which enabled the limiting strain of the sheet metal to be determined as a function of the material.
1,814 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, conditions for instability of plastic strain under plane stress for a material conforming to the Mises-Hencky yield condition and strain-hardening according to a unique relationship between root-mean-square values of shear stress (q) and incremental strain (δψ).
Abstract: This paper examines the conditions for instability of plastic strain under plane stress for a material conforming to the Mises-Hencky yield condition and strain-hardening according to a unique relationship between root-mean-square values of shear stress (q) and incremental strain (δψ).
If, under fixed loading conditions, the material undergoes a strain increment which is consistent with the applied stress system, the conditions are stable or unstable according as the increment in representative yield stress is greater or less than the increment in representative induced stress.
The strain at which instability arises is found in terms of the biaxial stress ratio p2/p1 under different conditions of applied loading, and the effect is demonstrated of strain-hardening according to an empirical relation of the type q = c (a + ψ)n.
The analysis is also applied to certain cases of non-uniform stress distribution. In the case of the hydrostatic bulge results are obtained showing a critical thinning ranging from 26 per cent for a non-hardening material to about 45 per cent for typical strain-hardening materials, values in general agreement with experimental data. Conditions over the punch head in the pressing of a cylindrical shell are discussed but computations are not attempted.
1,604 citations
01 Jan 1948
612 citations
TL;DR: A rapid customization design prototype system has been developed and applied to the design of a high-speed train’s bogie to illustrate how to construct a product meta-model and how to conduct configuration design on different layers and variant design for generating new products.
Abstract: In order to effectively reuse the design knowledge of product family life cycle development and support holistic and rapid individual product design, this article presents a new meta-model-based sy...
436 citations