A simulation study for comparing testing statistics in response-adaptive randomization
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Cites background from "A simulation study for comparing te..."
...There is a need for adaptive designs to accommodate the situations above to improve trial efficiency and maintain trial ethics [19, 20, 21]....
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...There is a need for adaptive designs to accommodate the situations above to improve trial efficiency and maintain trial ethic (Yin et al., 2012; Gu and Lee, 2010; Zhu et al., 2013)....
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37 citations
Cites background from "A simulation study for comparing te..."
...Although such adjustments are available for ER, their counterparts for AR are not yet developed because of the analytic difficulties caused by data-dependent randomization; the inadequacy of χ(2)-approximations under AR is also noted in [35] for comparing two proportions at small samples sizes....
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33 citations
31 citations
Cites methods from "A simulation study for comparing te..."
...The general Chi test was employed which has been proved to be one of the most efficient tests [32]....
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References
2,793 citations
"A simulation study for comparing te..." refers methods in this paper
...More detailed exposition of Bayesian methods for response adaptive randomization is beyond the scope of this paper and interested readers should consult the original work on this topic [37-40]....
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1,138 citations
"A simulation study for comparing te..." refers background in this paper
...The derivation of TRisk, TOdds, TWald, TChisq, and TLLR can be found in [33,34], which is equivalent to minimizing the variance of corresponding test statistic at a fixed total sample size, and consequently the power of that test statistic is maximized....
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441 citations
"A simulation study for comparing te..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Many RAR designs have been proposed over the years [1-13]....
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...Among the three allocation targets that assign more patients to the better treatment (RRSIHR, RRisk and RRPW), RRSIHR has a stable and often the lowest variation in patient allocation....
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...For SEU method [13], if the limiting allocation of RPW urn is the target in a two-arm trial, then q i q i q ii ∧ ∧ ∧( ) ( ) + ( )⎡ ⎣⎢ ⎤ ⎦⎥ / 1 2 balls of type 2 and q i q i q i ∧ ∧ ∧( ) ( ) + ( )⎡ ⎣⎢ ⎤ ⎦⎥2 1 2 / balls of type 1 are added to the urn following the allocation of the ith patient....
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...When RRPW (the same as RDL) is the allocation target, DL urn method has the lowest variation in patient allocation, which is consistent with the fact that the lower bound of the estimate of Var(RRPW) is attained by DL urn [4]....
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...The simulation comparison of statistical power for different RAR methods also indicates that DL urn has the best statistical properties at RRPW, mainly due to its low variation in patient allocation....
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436 citations
"A simulation study for comparing te..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Many RAR designs have been proposed over the years [1-13]....
[...]
...Among the three allocation targets that assign more patients to the better treatment (RRSIHR, RRisk and RRPW), RRSIHR has a stable and often the lowest variation in patient allocation....
[...]
...For SEU method [13], if the limiting allocation of RPW urn is the target in a two-arm trial, then q i q i q ii ∧ ∧ ∧( ) ( ) + ( )⎡ ⎣⎢ ⎤ ⎦⎥ / 1 2 balls of type 2 and q i q i q i ∧ ∧ ∧( ) ( ) + ( )⎡ ⎣⎢ ⎤ ⎦⎥2 1 2 / balls of type 1 are added to the urn following the allocation of the ith patient....
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...When RRPW (the same as RDL) is the allocation target, DL urn method has the lowest variation in patient allocation, which is consistent with the fact that the lower bound of the estimate of Var(RRPW) is attained by DL urn [4]....
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...The simulation comparison of statistical power for different RAR methods also indicates that DL urn has the best statistical properties at RRPW, mainly due to its low variation in patient allocation....
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412 citations
"A simulation study for comparing te..." refers background in this paper
...Similarly, Agresti and Caffo proposed a modification to TWald by adding 1 to each cell of a contingency table [30], which results in the test statistic TMW in Table 2....
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