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Journal ArticleDOI

A Study of Clinical Supervision Techniques and Training in Substance Abuse Treatment.

01 Oct 2012-Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling (Blackwell Publishing Ltd)-Vol. 33, Iss: 2, pp 66-81
TL;DR: Data from 57 clinical supervisors in licensed substance abuse treatment programs indicate that 28% had completed formal graduate course work in clinical supervision and 33% were professionally licensed or certified.
Abstract: Data from 57 clinical supervisors in licensed substance abuse treatment programs indicate that 28% had completed formal graduate course work in clinical supervision and 33% were professionally licensed or certified. Findings raise concerns about the scope and quality of clinical supervision available to substance abuse counselors.
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01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: This phenomenological study was to learn the lived experiences of counselors who work with individuals who report a primary problem of selling drugs, not substance abuse, who are mandated to a substance abuse treatment program.
Abstract: Individuals Who Sell Drugs Placed in Treatment: The Perspective of Their Counselors by Natasha Herbert MA, McDaniel College, 2007 BS, McDaniel College, 2006 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Proposal of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Counselor Education and Supervision Walden University January 2019 Abstract Individuals who sell drugs are often mandated by legal forces to substance abuse treatment because of their criminal offenses and the belief they may have a drug problem. Previous researchers have noted this population may be disruptive in the treatment process, but it has not been explored in depth. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to learn the lived experiences of counselors who work with individuals who report a primary problem of selling drugs, not substance abuse, who are mandated to a substance abuse treatment program. Thirteen semi structured interviews were conducted with counselors who have worked with individuals who sell drugs that were mandated to participate in a correctional-based therapeutic community substance abuse treatment program. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed with the assistance of NVivo for meaning and themes. Data were examined through the theoretical lens of the social learning theory (SLT). The results of the study indicated counselors were prepared for their jobs through education and training to have longevity in working in a correctional environment and provided treatment services. The counselors found that individuals who sell drugs had a history substance use, which the individuals minimized. During treatment, counselors sought to challenge individuals who sell drugs to think and explore the effects of their behaviors. Counselors found individuals who sell drugs were able to engage in treatment to avoid negative consequences. The results of this research can encourage positive social change by initiating a discussion about assessments prior to drug treatment, characteristics of drug treatment program participants, and counselor training to improve quality of drug treatment services provided.Individuals who sell drugs are often mandated by legal forces to substance abuse treatment because of their criminal offenses and the belief they may have a drug problem. Previous researchers have noted this population may be disruptive in the treatment process, but it has not been explored in depth. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to learn the lived experiences of counselors who work with individuals who report a primary problem of selling drugs, not substance abuse, who are mandated to a substance abuse treatment program. Thirteen semi structured interviews were conducted with counselors who have worked with individuals who sell drugs that were mandated to participate in a correctional-based therapeutic community substance abuse treatment program. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed with the assistance of NVivo for meaning and themes. Data were examined through the theoretical lens of the social learning theory (SLT). The results of the study indicated counselors were prepared for their jobs through education and training to have longevity in working in a correctional environment and provided treatment services. The counselors found that individuals who sell drugs had a history substance use, which the individuals minimized. During treatment, counselors sought to challenge individuals who sell drugs to think and explore the effects of their behaviors. Counselors found individuals who sell drugs were able to engage in treatment to avoid negative consequences. The results of this research can encourage positive social change by initiating a discussion about assessments prior to drug treatment, characteristics of drug treatment program participants, and counselor training to improve quality of drug treatment services provided. Individuals Who Sell Drugs Placed in Treatment: The Perspective of Their Counselors by Natasha Herbert MA, McDaniel College, 2007 BS, McDaniel College, 2006 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Counselor Education and Supervision Walden University January 2019 Dedication I dedicate this to the people who have worked behind the walls. It is hard work and not always easy to be locked in too. Although the appreciation may not be expressed, there are lives that are being shaped by what you do. Acknowledgments I would like to thank my family and friends who have been with me in this process. It has been a long journey. I am grateful for the love and support I have received. I appreciate the understanding when I said no to things or came with my laptop. Thank you to Dr. Haley who has been there since I started this dissertation and through its ups and downs. Thank you to Dr. Patton who came on as my methodologist. Your assistance and expertise are greatly appreciated. Thank you to Dr. Frazier for your feedback in review of my dissertation.

6 citations


Cites background from "A Study of Clinical Supervision Tec..."

  • ...In their research, West and Hamm (2012) found that only 16 out 57 clinical supervisors in their study had taken formal course work in clinical supervision....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated 411 postgraduate counseling supervisees' experiences with ethical and professional identity development during supervision in the US and found that supervisors do not directly and consistently pass a professional counselor identity to the supervisee.
Abstract: In addition to state laws, the counseling profession’s code of ethics and training standards stipulate that counselors clearly uphold ethical standards and identify with a distinct professional counselor identity. We investigated 411 postgraduate counseling supervisees’ experiences with ethical and professional identity development during supervision in the US The results of the survey indicated that supervisors do not directly and consistently pass a professional counselor identity to the supervisee. However, supervision encompassed ethical considerations. Study results are not a reflection of nor the sole responsibility of supervisors. The counseling profession must also assume responsibility for these outcomes and better support counseling supervisors in passing a counselor professional identity from the supervisor to the supervisee. Additional research could determine how to support supervisors in passing a counselor professional identity to the supervisee during supervision.

5 citations


Cites background from "A Study of Clinical Supervision Tec..."

  • ...Supervisors must have a strong connection to the profession of counseling or apathy may result within the supervisee regarding developing own their professional identity (Lambie & Sias, 2009; West & Hamm, 2012)....

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01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: Horn-Charnesky et al. as mentioned in this paper found that having a master's degree in counseling may influence the level of empathy in SUD counselors, and they used a 2x2 factorial ANOVA to examine the relationship between two independent variables (education status and recovery status) against the dependent variable of empathy.
Abstract: Experience Versus Education: Empathy in Substance Use Disorder Counselors by Frances Malcolm Horn-Charnesky MSW, Walla Walla College, 2004 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Psychology Walden University April 2019 Abstract Empathy is one of the most important skills a mental health counselor can have. For instance, empathy plays a key role in retention and engagement in therapy for substance use disorder (SUD), which leads to improved client outcomes. Historically, SUD treatment has been provided by those in recovery with little formal education about counseling. Currently, academic requirements for SUD counselors vary, and most master’s level education programs rarely address SUDs. To determine whether SUD experience alone is related to empathy, a 2x2 factorial ANOVA was used in this study to examine the relationship between two independent variables (education status and recovery status) against the dependent variable of empathy for 607 SUD counselors. Findings showed that recovery status was not indicative of SUD counselor empathy, and graduate level education was associated with empathy in SUD counselors. As the epidemic of addiction continues to grow, having a competent workforce of licensed/credentialed SUD counselors is imperative, and this research shows that having a master’s degree in counseling may influence empathy in SUD counselors. Thus, the results of this research have the potential to shape licensure/credentialing processes forEmpathy is one of the most important skills a mental health counselor can have. For instance, empathy plays a key role in retention and engagement in therapy for substance use disorder (SUD), which leads to improved client outcomes. Historically, SUD treatment has been provided by those in recovery with little formal education about counseling. Currently, academic requirements for SUD counselors vary, and most master’s level education programs rarely address SUDs. To determine whether SUD experience alone is related to empathy, a 2x2 factorial ANOVA was used in this study to examine the relationship between two independent variables (education status and recovery status) against the dependent variable of empathy for 607 SUD counselors. Findings showed that recovery status was not indicative of SUD counselor empathy, and graduate level education was associated with empathy in SUD counselors. As the epidemic of addiction continues to grow, having a competent workforce of licensed/credentialed SUD counselors is imperative, and this research shows that having a master’s degree in counseling may influence empathy in SUD counselors. Thus, the results of this research have the potential to shape licensure/credentialing processes for those seeking a career in the SUD field and improve outcomes for individuals with a SUD. Experience Versus Education: Empathy in Substance Use Disorder Counselors by Frances Malcolm Horn-Charnesky MSW, Walla Walla College, 2004 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Psychology Walden University April 2019 Dedication This project is dedicated to all of the individuals that are struggling with substance-use disorder and those treatment professionals striving to help. Keep searching, hoping, advocating and working for change.

3 citations


Cites background from "A Study of Clinical Supervision Tec..."

  • ...Noting that SUD counselors often have less formal education and rely on supervision for much of their training, West and Hamm (2012) sought to have a better understanding of the qualities of SUD counselor supervisors and their training practices....

    [...]

  • ...…did not appear to influence perception of supervisor expertise and an independent t test showed no significant difference (α = .05) in self-rating of supervisor skills with master’s degree or without and significance across the supervisory skill levels ranged from .353 to .891 (West & Hamm, 2012)....

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  • ...Using a survey, West and Hamm (2012) asked SUD clinical supervisors (N = 57) from 53 different treatment programs across a mid-Atlantic state complete a self-report instrument to assess their expertise in clinical supervision knowledge....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The professional identity development of alcohol and drug counselors differs from professionals who are licensed/certified and other addiction professionals, and implications for state credentialing boards are discussed.
Abstract: A total of 276 certified addiction professionals participated in an electronic survey about professional roles and responsibilities. A multivariate ANOVA was conducted to measure differences in professional responsibility, exposure to and comfort levels for counseling diverse consumers, and counseling approaches for alcohol and drug professionals with a certification, licensed, certification and licensure, and licensure and certification identity. Alcohol and drug professionals with a certification identity facilitated group counseling and used reinforcement techniques more often compared to professionals with a licensure and certification. Alcohol and drug counselors were less comfortable counseling consumers with mental health issues compared to alcohol and drug counselors with advanced training and other addiction professionals. The professional identity development of alcohol and drug counselors differs from professionals who are licensed/certified and other addiction professionals. Implicatio...

3 citations


Cites background from "A Study of Clinical Supervision Tec..."

  • ...This transformation has contributed to the development of professional standards, expansion of certification, and emergence of professional licensure (West & Hamm, 2012)....

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  • ...…is a great deal of variability in state staffing requirements and standards for certification/licensure as an alcohol and drug counselor (Astamovich & Hoskins, 2011; Duryea & Calleja, 2013; Miller, Scarborough, Clark, Leonard, & Keziah, 2010; Mustaine, West, & Wyrick, 2003; West & Hamm, 2012)....

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  • ...…program, a passing score on the National Board of Certified Counselors’ Master in Addiction Counseling, and postgraduate supervision should serve as the minimum standard for practice as an alcohol and drug counselor (Duryea & Calleja, 2013; Schmidt et al., 2013; West & Hamm, 2012)....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper presented a model for identification and training of supervision skills, the roles in which the skills are demonstrated, and the types of choices or discriminations that are necessary to make in tutoring trainees through the counseling practicum.
Abstract: The delivery of supervision skills to those who direct counselors through practicum is not well defined in the counseling literature. This article addresses that issue by presenting a model for identification and training of those skills, the roles in which the skills are demonstrated, and the types of choices or discriminations that are necessary to make in tutoring trainees through the counseling practicum. This model attempts to pair the training of supervisors with the training of counselors in a systematic fashion.

333 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings indicate that there is no significant difference among the respondents when considering the duration (early versus late) of response rate, and this support the validity of the results from low response mail survey studies for IT users.

123 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, 15 counseling center supervisors were interviewed about three instances related to important feedback with an intern supervisee: 1 in which the feedback was given easily, 1 which was given reluctantly or with difficulty, and another in which it was not given.
Abstract: Fifteen counseling center supervisors were interviewed about 3 instances related to important feedback with an intern supervisee: 1 in which the feedback was given easily, 1 in which it was given reluctantly or with difficulty, and another in which it was not given. Supervisors indicated that easy feedback was most often about clinical problems, was given directly, had positive effects, and was facilitated by supervisee openness. Difficult feedback was most often about clinical, personal, and professional issues, was given indirectly, had mixed impact, and was characterized by a lack of supervisee openness. Feedback not given was typically about personal and professional concerns and was hindered by a lack of supervisee openness. Supervisors indicated that there were negative effects of not having given the feedback and indicated that they would do it differently if they could.

119 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Allen K. Hess1
TL;DR: In this article, the status of supervisory models is reviewed, and an overarching schemata of stage models of supervisee development is presented, followed by a three-stage model of supervisor development.
Abstract: This essay reviews the status of supervisory models, presents an overarching schemata of stage models of supervisee development, and finally, describes a three stage model of supervisor development. The terms "counseling" and "psychotherapy" are used synonymously, as are "trainee", "supervisee", "student", and "psychotherapist."

107 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Goudy et al. as discussed by the authors examined the impact of nonresponse bias on individual items and on bivariate and multivariate relationships in a panel study of 1,870 older Iowans.
Abstract: To examine nonresponse effects on variable relationships, data from a panel study of 1,870 older Iowa residents are reported. When data are accumulated by wave of response, differences are minor on variable distributions (percentage, mean, standard deviation), bivariate relationships (correlation), and multivariate relationships (regression), suggesting that the assumed impact of nonresponse bias on variable relationships has been overstated. Willis J. Goudy is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. Journal Paper No. J-8362 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa. Project No. 2010. This investigation was supported in part through grant number 10-P-57495/7-01 from the Social Security Administration, Washington, D. C. The author wishes to thank Richard D. Warren and Charles L. Mulford for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this article. POQ 40 (1976) 360-369 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.253 on Sat, 11 Jun 2016 06:23:35 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms NONRESPONSE EFFECTS 361 not to influence relationships between variables, and Schwirian and Blaine (1966-67) observed similar results in two of three tests. The third case of Schwirian and Blaine, plus the work of Lehman (1963) and especially Mulford et al. (1974), found nonresponse bias affecting conclusions generated from analyzed relationships. The present study examines the impact of nonresponse bias on individual items and on bivariate and multivariate relationships. The Work and Retirement Study To examine nonresponse bias to a mail questionnaire, data from a panel study of older Iowa residents are reported. The "work and retirement" research was initiated when interviews were conducted with a sample of fully employed males fifty years of age and older (Bauder and Doerflinger, undated). The 1,870 Iowans were living in or near 42 communities with from 2,500 to 10,000 population and were sampled from five occupational categories: self-employed professionals, salaried professionals, business proprietors, factory workers, and farmers. The occupational classes studied, of course, did not represent all occupational groups in nonmetropolitan midwestern communities, nor were they necessarily the most important. They did, however, include the self-employed and the salaried or wage worker, the professional and the nonprofessional, and the agricultural and nonagricultural worker. For each occupational category, sampling rates within the communities were determined so that a uniform statewide rate was maintained. The interview instrument contained questions on work history and satisfaction, retirement plans and attitudes, mobility, family and kin networks, social participation, health, and general sociodemographic information. Two years after they completed the interview, respondents were sent a brief mail questionnaire, which stressed changes in the employment situation plus evaluations of health and social participation changes. Three waves were mailed; those not responding to the first questionnaire were sent a replacement, and those not completing the second copy were sent a third. Of the initial 1,870 interview respondents, 87 percent completed the mail questionnaire, 3 percent were deceased, 5 percent were never recontacted, less than 1 percent were too ill or senile, 3 percent refused, and records were insufficient to classify the remaining 1 percent.2 Thus, over 90 percent of those thought to be living at the time of the second phase cooperated by completing the questionnaire. In the analysis that follows, sociodemographic information (age, marital status, education, income) from the interviews was used as the base. Additional interview variables included a one-item measure of morale 2 The 31 unclassified cases represent a hazard of longitudinal research, especially when the data are the subject of secondary analysis as in this study. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.253 on Sat, 11 Jun 2016 06:23:35 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

99 citations

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Findings raise concerns about the scope and quality of clinical supervision available to substance abuse counselors.