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Journal ArticleDOI

A study of the microstructural evolution during selective laser melting of Ti–6Al–4V

01 May 2010-Acta Materialia (Pergamon)-Vol. 58, Iss: 9, pp 3303-3312
TL;DR: In this article, the development of the microstructure of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy processed by selective laser melting (SLM) was studied by light optical microscopy.
About: This article is published in Acta Materialia.The article was published on 2010-05-01. It has received 2201 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Selective laser melting & Microstructure.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Various attempts to improve upon these properties like different processing routes, surface modifications have been inculcated in the paper to provide an insight into the extent of research and effort that has been put into developing a highly superior titanium orthopaedic implant.

711 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared two metal additive manufacturing processes, selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM), based on microstructural and mechanical property evaluation of Ti6Al4V parts produced by these two processes.
Abstract: This work compares two metal additive manufacturing processes, selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM), based on microstructural and mechanical property evaluation of Ti6Al4V parts produced by these two processes. Tensile and fatigue bars conforming to ASTM standards were fabricated using Ti6Al4V ELI grade material. Microstructural evolution was studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Tensile and fatigue tests were carried out to understand mechanical properties and to correlate them with the corresponding microstructure. The results show differences in microstructural evolution between SLM and EBM processed Ti6Al4V and their influence on mechanical properties. The microstructure of SLM processed parts were composed of an α′ martensitic phase, whereas the EBM processed parts contain primarily α and a small amount of β phase. Consequently, there are differences in tensile and fatigue properties between SLM- and EBM-produced Ti6Al4V parts. The differences are related to the cooling rates experienced as a consequence of the processing conditions associated with SLM and EBM processes.

705 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this review, the current progress of two AM processes suitable for metallic orthopaedic implant applications, namely selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM) are presented.

697 citations


Cites background from "A study of the microstructural evol..."

  • ...This process continues until the desired threedimensional part is fully completed.(10) SLM has been utilized to fabricate orthopaedic implants such as replacements for zygomatic bone(11) and finger....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of surface structure and porosity of Ti-6Al-4V samples fabricated by selective laser melting under different laser scanning speeds and powder layer thicknesses has been studied and correlated with the melt flow behavior through both experimental and modelling approaches.

689 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the microstructure on the tensile properties of additive manufacturing (AM) of Ti alloys has been investigated. And the authors found that the mechanical anisotropy of the parts was discussed in relation to the crystallographic texture, phase composition and the predominant fracture mechanisms.
Abstract: Recent research on the additive manufacturing (AM) of Ti alloys has shown that the mechanical properties of the parts are affected by the characteristic microstructure that originates from the AM process. To understand the effect of the microstructure on the tensile properties, selective laser melted (SLM) Ti–6Al–4V samples built in three different orientations were tensile tested. The investigated samples were near fully dense, in two distinct conditions, as-built and stress relieved. It was found that the build orientation affects the tensile properties, and in particular the ductility of the samples. The mechanical anisotropy of the parts was discussed in relation to the crystallographic texture, phase composition and the predominant fracture mechanisms. Fractography and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results indicate that the predominant fracture mechanism is intergranular fracture present along the grain boundaries and thus provide and explain the typical fracture surface features observed in fracture AM Ti–6Al–4V.

671 citations

References
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Book
01 Dec 1994
TL;DR: The Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys as discussed by the authors provides a data base for information on titanium and its alloys, and the selection of specific alloys for specific applications, including applications, physical properties, corrosion, mechanical properties (including design allowances where available), fatigue, fracture properties, and elevated temperature properties.
Abstract: Comprehensive datasheets on more than 60 titanium alloys More than 200 pages on metallurgy and fabrication procedures Input from more than 50 contributors from several countries Careful editorial review for accuracy and usefulness Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys provides a data base for information on titanium and its alloys, and the selection of specific alloys for specific applications The most comprehensive titanium data package ever assembled provides extensive information on applications, physical properties, corrosion, mechanical properties (including design allowances where available), fatigue, fracture properties, and elevated temperature properties The appropriate specifications for each alloy are included This international effort has provided a broad information base that has been compiled and reviewed by leading experts within the titanium industry, from several countries, encompassing numerous technology areas Inputs have been obtained from the titanium industry, fabricators, users, government and academia This up-to-date package covers information from almost the inception of the titanium industry, in the 1950s, to mid-1992 The information, organized by alloy, makes this exhaustive collection an easy-to-use data base at your fingertips, which generally includes all the product forms for each alloy The 60-plus data sheets supply not only extensive graphical and tabular information on properties, but the datasheets also describe or illustrate important factors which would aid in the selection of the proper alloy or heat treatment The datasheets are further supplemented with back-ground information on the metallurgy and fabrication characteristics of titanium alloys An especially extensive coverage of properties, processing and metallurgy is provided in the datasheet for the workhorse of the titanium industry, Ti-6Al-4V This compendium includes the newest alloys made public even those still under development In many cases, key references are included for further information on a given subject Comprehensive datasheets provide extensive information on: Applications, Specifications, Corrosion, Mechanical Design Properties, Fatigue and Fracture

2,286 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the shifting of consecutive single vectors on the process of forming the first layer was studied and the optimal parameters of layer thickness and power input per unit speed for SLS/SLM were determined.

551 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The DLF-Ti-6Al-4V approach proved to be efficient and could be further advanced in the field of hard tissue biomaterials and matched American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) specifications for the usage of this alloy as medical material.

416 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the manufacturing strategy on the internal structure and mechanical properties of the components manufactured by selective laser melting technology was analyzed, and the anisotropy of the internal structures and structural properties of fabricated objects were studied.

290 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a pragmatic engineering model to study aspects of the SLM process using an enthalpy formulation and accounting for shrinkage and laser light penetration, and investigate the importance of evaporation for a set of process parameters relevant to production.

271 citations