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A study of total lightning characteristics of thunderstorms over Gangetic West Bengal

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TLDR
In this article, the authors report the preliminary results of observation of total lightning characteristics of pre-monsoon summer time thunderstorms over the Gangetic West Bengal (GWB) around Kolkata.
Abstract
We report the preliminary results of observation of total lightning characteristics of pre-monsoon summer time thunderstorms over the Gangetic West Bengal (GWB) around Kolkata. We have analysed 35 thunderstorms during March to early June 2018 over GWB. Total lightning flash rate, which includes both in-cloud (IC) and cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning, has been found to increase rapidly during the initial stage of the thunderstorm much before the occurrence of damaging wind and intense lightning. Four categories of lightning rate curves are found and out of which two categories tend to produce damaging wind, intense lightning and heavy rainfall. Samples of both in-cloud and cloud to ground lightning electric field waveforms are also presented here.

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References
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Lightning: Physics and Effects

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model of lightning and its effects in the atmosphere and the distant lightning electromagnetic environment: atmospherics, Schumann resonances and whistlers.
Journal ArticleDOI

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between cloud vertical development and the prevalence of intracloud (IC) and cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning and found that IC activity is attributed to the updraft-driven accumulation of graupel particles in the central dipole region, and subsequent CG activity to the descent of ice particles beneath the height of the main negative charge.
Book

The Behavior of Total Lightning Activity in Severe Florida Thunderstorms

TL;DR: The LISDAD (Lightning Imaging Sensor Demonstration and Display) has enabled a study of severe weather in central Florida as mentioned in this paper, where the total flash rates for storms verified to be severe are found to exceed 60 flashes/min, with some values reaching 500 flash/min.
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Cell-tracking with lightning data from LINET

TL;DR: In this paper, a new lightning detection network (LINET) was developed at the University of Munich, which locates and reports both cloud discharges and cloud-to-ground strokes with high accuracy.

Application of lightning in predicting high impact weather

TL;DR: The Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN) provides the capability of detecting total lighting data efficiently on a continental scale which has enabled development derivatives such as: a real-time lightning cell tracking program to identify and track the properties, speed and direction of storm cells with associated lightning flash rate and proprietary advanced alerts as mentioned in this paper.
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