A Study on Mechanical Properties of Raw Sisal Polyester Composites
01 Jan 2017-pp 287-293
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have made an effort to study the mechanical properties of sisal fiber reinforced composite materials by using hot compression molding technique and found that tensile strength and flexural strength were increasing up to 20 % fiber volume fraction and further decreasing for fiber volume fractions of 25 % and 30 %.
Abstract: Natural fibers are available in nature as byproducts of agricultural products of various countries around the world. It is observed that coir fibers is product obtained from coconut but jute and sisal fibers are obtained from plants grown in nature. These fibers are very abundantly available in nature can be used for structural construction practices. This increases the economic value of these fibers. In the present study an effort is made to study the mechanical properties of sisal fiber reinforced composite materials. In the present study, randomly oriented sisal fiber reinforced polyester matrix composite specimens of thicknesses 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm and 6 mm were fabricated by using hot compression moulding technique. Untreated sisal fibers of length 10 mm is used as reinforcement for casting the composite specimens. A mixture of polyester resin, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and cobalt naphthenate of ratio 50:1:1 is used as matrix for the fabrication. Each composite panels of fiber volume fraction 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 % and 30 % were tested for its tensile strength and flexural strength as per ASTM D-3039 and ASTM D-7264 respectively. From the experimental results it is observed that tensile strength and flexural strength were increasing up to 20 % fiber volume fraction and further found to be decreasing for fiber volume fractions of 25 % and 30 %. But in case of specimens of 6 mm thickness a small change in the trend of results is observed. The increase in tensile strength is found to be continuous up to 30 % of fiber volume fraction with a tensile strength of 22.938 MPa at 30 % fiber volume fraction.
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TL;DR: In this article, the impact strength of coir polyester composites was investigated with both untreated and treated with 5% NaOH solutions, and it was observed that as the thickness and fiber volume fraction of both treated and untreated coirpolyester composite specimens increases, the performance of the composite increased.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors provide an overview of the bast fibers and their composites, properties enhancement techniques, overall mechanical behaviours and thermal stability with suitable applications for aeronautical, automobile, construction, chemical, and biomedical applications.
Abstract: Composite materials are revolutionizing to realize the demanding needs of aeronautical, automobile, construction, chemical, and biomedical applications. The natural fiber composite is chosen as one of the best choices among composites due to its sustainable goods like eco-friendly nature, better properties and Greenhouse gas (GHG) balance. Furthermore, the bast fiber composites are identified as promising industrial composites based on the availability, strength-to-weight ratio, manufacturing ease, and economics for commercialization. However, product quality and production volume significantly influence commercial adoption of the bast fiber composites. Especially the product quality primarily suffers due to climatic conditions, damage while harvesting, extraction method, retting issues, and extraction location. Consequently, this review aims to provide an overview of the bast fibers & their composites, properties enhancement techniques, overall mechanical behaviours and thermal stability with suitable applications.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a long-fiber composite system prepared by vacuum infusion was compared with randomly oriented and arranged sisal fibers, depending on the flow direction of the resin during vacuum infusion.
Abstract: Composite systems are materials that due to its characteristics and its achievement of synergistic effects are increasingly applied. The most frequent composites are composites mainly with long fibers. In the interaction with the polymer matrix can be used inorganic fibers, but recently there is a substitution of these fibers with organic fibers. The main advantage of using organic fibers is their low cost, low weight, and availability. The benefits can also cite environmental aspects. The disadvantage is the very nature of the organic material. The paper describes a long-fiber composite system prepared by vacuum infusion and compares the tensile strength of composites with randomly oriented and arranged sisal fibers, depending on the flow direction of the resin during vacuum infusion. Composite systems were cut from boards made by vacuum infusion using a water jet. These boards are widely used by industries such as automotive or building to where the natural fibers can create design function. The use of natural fibers in this process is inexpensive and such materials can be referenced as biocomposites, saving the primary raw material. The paper describes the tensile strength and hardness. Electron microscopy was used to evaluate fracture surfaces and the morphology of the fibers.
2 citations
Cites background from "A Study on Mechanical Properties of..."
...[6] presents the increase in the strength of the matrix on the polyester basis, where the increase in strength was observed at systems with concentration of untreated sisal fibers up to 20 vol....
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TL;DR: In this paper , the effect of fiber loading on mechanical and water absorption characteristics of composites made from sisal fiber and polypropylene matrix targeted for use in bathroom wall tile applications was investigated.
Abstract: ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of fiber loading on mechanical and water absorption characteristics of composites made from sisal fiber and polypropylene matrix targeted for use in bathroom wall tile applications. The amount of fiber content in the composites was varied from 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% to 50% by weight. The composites were manufactured by melt-mixing method. The effects of fiber loading on various composite characteristics were investigated using tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength, compressive strength, and water absorption. With the increase of fiber content, properties, such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength, and compressive strength increases up to optimum level, whilst decrement in these properties were observed after the optimal level. The maximum tensile strength of 52.69 MPa, tensile modulus of 1.1 GPa, flexural strength of 127.8 MPa, flexural modulus of 6.22 GPa, impact strength of 10.195 KJ/m2 and compressive strength 137.7 MPa were obtained. Water absorption rate increased with increase in the fiber weight proportion due to the hydrophilic character of the sisal fiber. From the result of this study, it can be concluded that the optimal mechanical and water absorption properties were achieved at 30% fiber content.
2 citations
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of treatment of the fibers and its hybridization on the mechanical behavior and thermal behavior of composites is also explained, and the influence of treatment and hybridization of the sisal fiber is explained.
Abstract: Modern-day researchers and scientists indulge to develop green and biodegradable composites for causing a minimal impact on the environment. This progression ascertained the use of natural fiber composites, which are biodegradable, low cost, and less impact on the environment over the inorganic fiber composites. Sisal fiber is one of the natural fibers which are extracted from the leaf of the sisal plant. Sisal fibers are abundantly grown in the tropical and subtropical regions of coastal Andhra Pradesh, India. In this present study, the author explains the effect of mechanical behavior of the sisal fiber composites reinforced with different polymers. The influence of treatment of the fibers and its hybridization on the mechanical behavior and thermal behavior of composites is also explained.
1 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, different chemical modifications on natural fibers for use in natural fiber-reinforced composites are reviewed, including alkali, silane, acetylation, benzoylation, acrylation, maleated coupling agents and permanganate.
Abstract: Studies on the use of natural fibers as replacement to man-made fiber in fiber-reinforced composites have increased and opened up further industrial possibilities. Natural fibers have the advantages of low density, low cost, and biodegradability. However, the main disadvantages of natural fibers in composites are the poor compatibility between fiber and matrix and the relative high moisture sorption. Therefore, chemical treatments are considered in modifying the fiber surface properties. In this paper, the different chemical modifications on natural fibers for use in natural fiber-reinforced composites are reviewed. Chemical treatments including alkali, silane, acetylation, benzoylation, acrylation, maleated coupling agents, isocyanates, permanganate and others are discussed. The chemical treatment of fiber aimed at improving the adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix may not only modify the fiber surface but also increase fiber strength. Water absorption of composites is reduced and their mechanical properties are improved.
2,286 citations
TL;DR: Sisal fiber-cement composites reinforced with long unidirectional aligned fibers were developed and their physical-mechanical behavior was characterized in this article, where flat and corrugated sheets were cast by a manual lay-out of the fibers in a selfcompacted cement matrix and compressed with a pressure of 3MPa.
284 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of short randomly oriented banana and sisal hybrid fiber reinforced polyester composites was investigated with reference to the relative volume fraction of the two fibers at a constant total fiber loading of 0.40 Vf.
Abstract: The mechanical performance of short randomly oriented banana and sisal hybrid fiber reinforced polyester composites was investigated with reference to the relative volume fraction of the two fibers at a constant total fiber loading of 0.40 volume fraction (Vf), keeping banana as the skin material and sisal as the core material. A positive hybrid effect is observed in the flexural strength and flexural modulus of the hybrid composites. The tensile strength of the composites showed a positive hybrid effect when the relative volume fraction of the two fibers was varied, and maximum tensile strength was found to be in the hybrid composite having a ratio of banana and sisal 4 : 1. The impact strength of the composites was increased with increasing volume fraction of sisal. However, a negative hybrid effect is observed when the impact strength of the composites is considered. Keeping the relative volume fraction of the two fibers constant, that is, banana : sisal = 0.32 : 0.08 (i.e., 4 : 1), the fiber loading was optimized and different layering patterns were investigated. The impact strength of the composites was increased with fiber loading. Tensile and flexural properties were found to be better at 0.40 Vf. In the case of different layering patterns, the highest flexural strength was observed for the bilayer composites. Compared to other composites, the tensile properties were slightly higher for the composite having banana as the skin material and sisal as the core material. Scanning electron micrographs of the tensile and impact fracture surfaces of the hybrid composites having volume fraction 0.20 and 0.40 Vf were studied. The experimental tensile strength and tensile modulus of hybrid composites were compared with those of theoretical predictions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1699–1709, 2005
208 citations
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: A review of the use of coir fiber and its current status of research can be found in this paper, where the authors have discussed the latest work on properties, processing and application.
Abstract: Increasing concern about global warming and depleting petroleum reserves have made scientists to focus more on the use of natural fibres such as bagasse, coir, sisal, jute etc. This has resulted in creation of more awareness about the use of natural fibres based materials mainly composites. In past decade there has been many efforts to develop composites to replace the petroleum and other non decaying materials based products.The abundant availability of natural fibre in Indiagives attention on the development of natural fibre composites primarily to explore value-added application avenues.Reinforcement with natural fibre in composites has recently gained attention due to low cost, easy availability, low density, acceptable specific properties, ease of separation, enhanced energy recovery, C02 neutrality, biodegradability and recyclable in nature. Agricultural wastes can be used to prepare fibre reinforced polymer composites for commercial use. Although glass and other synthetic fibre-reinforced plastics possess high specific strength, their fields of application are very limited because of their inherent higher cost of production. In this connection, an investigation has been carried out to make use of coir; a natural fibre abundantly available in India.This review discusses the use of coir fibre and its current status of research. Many references to the latest work on properties, processing and application have been cited in this review.
133 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest that the materials chosen for structural upgradation must, in addition to functional efficiency and increasing or improving the various properties of the structures, should fulfil some criterion, for the cause of sustainability and a better quality.
Abstract: The materials chosen for structural upgradation must, in addition to functional efficiency and increasing or improving the various properties of the structures, should fulfil some criterion, for the cause of sustainability and a better quality. For example, these materials should not pollute the environment and endanger bioreserves, should be such that they are self sustaining and promote self-reliance, should help in recycling of polluting waste into usable materials, should make use of locally available materials, utilise local skills, manpower and management systems, should benefit local economy by being income generating, should be accessible to the ordinary people and be low in monetary cost. Besides improving the strength of the structure using FRPs as the raw material, it is also necessary to make use of local materials in construction. So far the work on construction. So far the work on retrofitting of structures is confined to using of carbon, glass or aramid fibres etc, very little work is being imparted in improving structures using naturally available materials, or natural fibres. The application of composites in structural facilities is mostly concentrated on increasing the strength of the structure with the help of artificial fibres and does not address the issue of sustainability of these raw materials used for strengthening purposes. In an expanding world population and with the increase of the purchasing potentials, the need for raw materials required for structural strengthening, that would satisfy the demand on world market is rapidly growing. In times when we cannot expect the fibre reinforced polymer prices to come down, with the consumption growing day by day. Also waste disposal has become one of the major problems in modern cities. At present there are two major methods in practice to dispose wastes. One is land filling and the other is burning. First one requires more valuable land and second one pollutes the environment. So, alternate methods to dispose solid waste should be found. New materials that would be cheaper and at the same time offer equal or better properties have to be developed. We have enough natural resources and we must keep on researching on these natural resources. Development of plant fibre composites has only begun. Among the various natural fibres such as, sisal fibres, bamboo fibres, coir fibres and jute fibres are of particular interest as these composites have high impact strength besides having moderate tensile and flexural properties compared to other lignocellulosic fibres. Among the various natural fibres, sisal fibre reinforced composite, bamboo fibre reinforced composite, coir reinforced composite and jute fibre reinforced composite are of particular interest as these composites have high impact strength besides having moderate tensile and flexural properties compared to other lignocellulosic fibres. Hence encouragement should be given for the use of natural fibres such as sisal fibres, bamboo fibres, coir fibres and jute fibres which are locally available
129 citations