A study on the impact of shadow-cast and tree species on in-canyon and neighborhood's thermal comfort
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of different urban densities on the thermal comfort improvement potential by eight (8) common tree-species in Hong Kong was specifically studied, and the authors employed the ENVI-met model to better understand the interaction between these two forms of shading (trees and buildings) on the pedestrians' thermal comfort and the influence of one over the other.
About: This article is published in Building and Environment.The article was published on 2017-04-01. It has received 230 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Thermal comfort.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors performed a meta-analysis of the reported evaluation results, reflecting the capability of the model to accurately calculate the diurnal profile of microclimatic variables.
244 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of four green-roof types on outdoor/indoor temperature and cooling demand under four different climates and three urban densities using co-simulation approach with ENVI-met and EnergyPlus.
171 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review was conducted of studies that quantified and reported on the relationship between vegetation-related characteristics and their effect on human thermal comfort, air and surface temperatures.
161 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated and compared differences in outdoor microclimates and human thermal comfort by simulating different tree layouts (clustered, equal interval, or dispersed) in the same neighborhood.
157 citations
Cites background from "A study on the impact of shadow-cas..."
...…trees were widely confirmed to be effective in mitigating heat and improving human thermal perception in dense urban streets (Kong et al., 2017; Morakinyo et al., 2017; Tan et al., 2015, 2017), research has seldom explored how residential tree locations, spacing, and arrangements influence the…...
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...Although trees were widely confirmed to be effective in mitigating heat and improving human thermal perception in dense urban streets (Kong et al., 2017; Morakinyo et al., 2017; Tan et al., 2015, 2017), research has seldom explored how residential tree locations, spacing, and arrangements influence the outdoor microclimates and human thermal comfort....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the thermal comfort modification potential of a long belt-shaped park (around 9 km) in Beijing and the effects of its landscape parameters using numerical simulation.
130 citations
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TL;DR: Urban ecology integrates natural and social sciences to study these radically altered local environments and their regional and global effects of an increasingly urbanized world.
Abstract: Urban areas are hot spots that drive environmental change at multiple scales. Material demands of production and human consumption alter land use and cover, biodiversity, and hydrosystems locally to regionally, and urban waste discharge affects local to global biogeochemical cycles and climate. For urbanites, however, global environmental changes are swamped by dramatic changes in the local environment. Urban ecology integrates natural and social sciences to study these radically altered local environments and their regional and global effects. Cities themselves present both the problems and solutions to sustainability challenges of an increasingly urbanized world.
5,096 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used systematic review methodology to evaluate available evidence on whether greening interventions, such as tree planting or the creation of parks or green roofs, affect the air temperature of an urban area.
1,822 citations
TL;DR: The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) is defined as the air temperature at which the heat budget of the human body is balanced with the same core and skin temperature under the complex outdoor conditions to be assessed, and enables a layperson to compare the integral effects of complex thermal conditions outside with his or her own experience indoors.
Abstract: With considerably increased coverage of weather information in the news media in recent years in many countries, there is also more demand for data that are applicable and useful for everyday life. Both the perception of the thermal component of weather as well as the appropriate clothing for thermal comfort result from the integral effects of all meteorological parameters relevant for heat exchange between the body and its environment. Regulatory physiological processes can affect the relative importance of meteorological parameters, e.g. wind velocity becomes more important when the body is sweating. In order to take into account all these factors, it is necessary to use a heat-balance model of the human body. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) is based on the Munich Energy-balance Model for Individuals (MEMI), which models the thermal conditions of the human body in a physiologically relevant way. PET is defined as the air temperature at which, in a typical indoor setting (without wind and solar radiation), the heat budget of the human body is balanced with the same core and skin temperature as under the complex outdoor conditions to be assessed. This way PET enables a layperson to compare the integral effects of complex thermal conditions outside with his or her own experience indoors. On hot summer days, for example, with direct solar irradiation the PET value may be more than 20 K higher than the air temperature, on a windy day in winter up to 15 K lower.
1,674 citations
TL;DR: The physical basis of the RayMan model, which simulates the short- and long-wave radiation flux densities from the three-dimensional surroundings in simple and complex environments, is presented.
Abstract: Short- and long-wave radiation flux densities absorbed by people have a significant influence on their energy balance. The heat effect of the absorbed radiation flux densities is parameterised by the mean radiant temperature. This paper presents the physical basis of the RayMan model, which simulates the short- and long-wave radiation flux densities from the three-dimensional surroundings in simple and complex environments. RayMan has the character of a freely available radiation and human-bioclimate model. The aim of the RayMan model is to calculate radiation flux densities, sunshine duration, shadow spaces and thermo-physiologically relevant assessment indices using only a limited number of meteorological and other input data. A comparison between measured and simulated values for global radiation and mean radiant temperature shows that the simulated data closely resemble measured data.
1,334 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors synthesize knowledge and methods to classify and value ecosystem services for urban planning and identify analytical challenges for valuation to inform urban planning in the face of high heterogeneity and fragmentation characterizing urban ecosystems.
1,264 citations