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Journal ArticleDOI

A Summary of New Findings on the Biological Effects of Selenium in Selected Animal Species-A Critical Review.

TL;DR: The review summarizes the survey of knowledge on selenium, its biological significance in the organism, the impact of its deficiency in mammalian livestock (comparison of ruminants vs. non-ruminants, herbivore vs. omnivore) and possibilities of its peroral administration.
Abstract: Selenium is an essential trace element important for many physiological processes, especially for the functions of immune and reproductive systems, metabolism of thyroid hormones, as well as antioxidant defense. Selenium deficiency is usually manifested by an increased incidence of retention of placenta, metritis, mastitis, aborts, lowering fertility and increased susceptibility to infections. In calves, lambs and kids, the selenium deficiency demonstrates by WMD (white muscle disease), in foals and donkey foals, it is associated with incidence of WMD and yellow fat disease, and in pigs it causes VESD (vitamin E/selenium deficiency) syndrome. The prevention of these health disorders can be achieved by an adequate selenium supplementation to the diet. The review summarizes the survey of knowledge on selenium, its biological significance in the organism, the impact of its deficiency in mammalian livestock (comparison of ruminants vs. non-ruminants, herbivore vs. omnivore) and possibilities of its peroral administration. The databases employed were as follows: Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar.
Citations
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15 Feb 2016
TL;DR: The following table summarizes the nutrient requirements of dairy cattle by type of milk type and type of feed they receive.
Abstract: Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle , Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

1,765 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present article aims to update and expand the role of Se in As and Cd toxicity discussed in an earlier paper, and indicates that Se may also diminish As or Cdoxicity by activation of the Nrf2 pathway.
Abstract: Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) are elements arousing major public health concerns associated with environmental pollution, high toxicity potential, and carcinogenic nature. However, selenium (Se) at low doses and incorporated into enzymes and proteins has antioxidant properties and protects animals and humans from the risk of various diseases. It also has an exceptionally narrow range between necessary and toxic concentrations, which is a well-known hindrance in its use as a dietary supplement. The present article aims to update and expand the role of Se in As and Cd toxicity discussed in our earlier paper. In general, recent reports show that Se, regardless of its form (as selenite, selenomethionine, nanoSe, or Se from lentils), can reduce As- or Cd-mediated toxicity in the liver, kidney, spleen, brain, or heart in animal models and in cell culture studies. As was suggested in our earlier review, Se antagonizes the toxicity of As and Cd mainly through sequestration of these elements into biologically inert complexes and/or through the action of Se-dependent antioxidant enzymes. An increase in the As methylation efficiency is proposed as a possible mechanism by which Se can reduce As toxicity. However, new studies indicate that Se may also diminish As or Cd toxicity by activation of the Nrf2 pathway. In addition, this paper discusses possible signs of Se toxic effects, which may be a challenge for its future use in the therapy of As and Cd poisoning and provide future directions to address this issue.

145 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: A brief overview of the known functions, deficiencies, requirements, and bioavailability of minerals and identifying certain issues still to be resolved can be found in this article , where the authors also provide a detailed review of existing studies.
Abstract: Minerals are essential inorganic elements that have a significant impact on growth development and health of fish. Among vertebrates, fish are unique in their ability to absorb minerals from their diets but also from water across gills and skin. Although significant progress has been made in the past 2 decades on requirements of certain minerals (phosphorus, zinc, copper, and selenium), a major gap exists in the uptake, function, biological availability, and excretion of most minerals. Several deficiency signs including cataracts, skeletal deformities, and hatchability of eggs have been linked to trace element deficiencies. In recent years, major shifts from the use of fishmeal to plant ingredients have resulted in a focus on mineral bioavailability; however, interactions between minerals and their uptake from water justify a much broader approach in this area. This chapter provides a brief overview of the known functions, deficiencies, requirements, and bioavailability of minerals and identifies certain issues yet to be resolved.

100 citations

01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: This study shows for the first time that TrxR may be an important antioxidant defense mechanism in PBMC that is compromised during the periparturient period and supports previous findings that report increased GPX activity when reactive oxygen metabolites, including lipid hydroperoxides, increase in transition dairy cows.
Abstract: Measures of oxidative status were examined in 14 dairy cows during the transition period. Blood samples were obtained approximately 21 d before expected calving, at calving, and again at 21 d in milk (DIM). Plasma samples were used to determine lipid hydroperoxide concentrations. Total white blood cells were used to determine the oxidative status of glutathione. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) lysates were used to determine the total antioxidant potential and enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1). Both plasma lipid hydroperoxide concentrations and GPX activity in PBMC increased at calving and during the first 21 DIM when compared with prepartum samples. Conversely, the total antioxidant potential and TrxR activity declined in PBMC during the first 21 DIM, even though both GPX activity and the glutathione-to-GSSG ratio remained elevated during this time period. Results from this study support previous findings that report increased GPX activity when reactive oxygen metabolites, including lipid hydroperoxides, increase in transition dairy cows. The significant decrease in TrxR activity with a concomitant decrease in total antioxidant potential in PBMC during this same stage of lactation, however, would suggest that this selenoprotein is not able to rebound during periods of oxidative stress to the same extent as GPX1. This study shows for the first time that TrxR may be an important antioxidant defense mechanism in PBMC that is compromised during the periparturient period.

85 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using this method, the liped peroxide level in the liver of rats suffering from carbon tetrachloride intoxication was investigated and was in good agreement with previously reported data obtained by measuring diene content.

24,847 citations


"A Summary of New Findings on the Bi..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...[424] using commercially supplied kits (Bio-diagnostic, Kit number MD2529)....

    [...]

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the catalytic activity of catalase has been investigated using ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry and Titrimetric methods, which is suitable for comparative studies for large series of measurements.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Catalase exerts a dual function: (1) decomposition of H 2 O 2 to give H 2 O and O 2 (catalytic activity) and (2) oxidation of H donors, for example, methanol, ethanol, formic acid, phenols, with the consumption of 1 mol of peroxide (peroxide activity) The kinetics of catalase does not obey the normal pattern Measurements of enzyme activity at substrate saturation or determination of the K s is therefore impossible In contrast to reactions proceeding at substrate saturation, the enzymic decomposition of H 2 O 2 is a first-order reaction, the rate of which is always proportional to the peroxide concentration present Consequently, to avoid a rapid decrease in the initial rate of the reaction, the assay must be carried out with relatively low concentrations of H 2 O 2 (about 001 M) This chapter discusses the catalytic activity of catalase The method of choice for biological material, however, is ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry Titrimetric methods are suitable for comparative studies For large series of measurements, there are either simple screening tests, which give a quick indication of the approximative catalase activity, or automated methods

20,238 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Glutathione peroxidase activity is found to be associated with a relatively stable, nondialyzable, heat-labile, intracellular component which is separable from hemoglobin, by gel filtration and ammonium sulfate precipitation.

10,439 citations


"A Summary of New Findings on the Bi..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...GPx: the method developed by Paglia and Valentine [356], using a set supplied by Randox....

    [...]

  • ...HG-AAS; GPx: the method developed by Paglia and Valentine [356], using the set supplied by Randox....

    [...]

  • ...*7—GPx: the method of Paglia and Valentine [356], using RANSEL Kit, (Randox,...

    [...]

  • ...and MDA assay protocols were based on methods described by Paglia and Valentine [356], Martin et al....

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  • ...activity was measured using a commercial assay (Ransel; RANDOX laboratories, Mississauga, Ontario) based on the method by Paglia and Valentine [356], which measures the decrease in...

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Book
12 Aug 1994

9,191 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A quantitative, spectrophotometric technique for following the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide has been developed for routine studies of catalase kinetics and appears to give lower values forCatalase activity than do titration techniques.

6,007 citations


"A Summary of New Findings on the Bi..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...*7—GPx: the method of Paglia and Valentine [356], using RANSEL Kit, (Randox, UK), see *3; SOD: a modified method of iodophenyl nitrophenol phenyltetrazolium chloride (RANSOD Kit, Randox, UK), see *3; CAT: the method of Beers and Sizer [404], using the ferrous oxidation in xylenol orange (FOX) assay....

    [...]

  • ...UK), see *3; SOD: a modified method of iodophenyl nitrophenol phenyltetrazolium chloride (RANSOD Kit, Randox, UK), see *3; CAT: the method of Beers and Sizer [404], using the...

    [...]