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Book ChapterDOI

A Survey of Attacks on Ethereum Smart Contracts SoK

Nicola Atzei, +2 more
- Vol. 10204, pp 164-186
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TLDR
This work analyses the security vulnerabilities of Ethereum smart contracts, providing a taxonomy of common programming pitfalls which may lead to vulnerabilities, and shows a series of attacks which exploit these vulnerabilities, allowing an adversary to steal money or cause other damage.
Abstract
Smart contracts are computer programs that can be correctly executed by a network of mutually distrusting nodes, without the need of an external trusted authority. Since smart contracts handle and transfer assets of considerable value, besides their correct execution it is also crucial that their implementation is secure against attacks which aim at stealing or tampering the assets. We study this problem in Ethereum, the most well-known and used framework for smart contracts so far. We analyse the security vulnerabilities of Ethereum smart contracts, providing a taxonomy of common programming pitfalls which may lead to vulnerabilities. We show a series of attacks which exploit these vulnerabilities, allowing an adversary to steal money or cause other damage.

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Citations
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GasFuzz: Generating High Gas Consumption Inputs to Avoid Out-of-Gas Vulnerability.

TL;DR: GasFuzz, which could automatically generate inputs that maximizes the gas cost and reduce the under estimation cases, is proposed, which has exposed 25 previously unknown out-of-gas vulnerabilities in those widely-used smart contracts.
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WANA: Symbolic Execution of Wasm Bytecode for Cross-Platform Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection.

TL;DR: WANA is presented, a cross-platform smart contract vulnerability detection tool based on the symbolic execution of WebAssembly bytecode that can effectively detect vulnerabilities in both EOSIO and Ethereum smart contracts with high efficiency.
Journal ArticleDOI

Integrating the IoT and Blockchain Technology for the Next Generation of Mining Inspection Systems

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References
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Book

Isabelle/HOL: A Proof Assistant for Higher-Order Logic

TL;DR: This presentation discusses Functional Programming in HOL, which aims to provide students with an understanding of the programming language through the lens of Haskell.

Ethereum: A Secure Decentralised Generalised Transaction Ledger

Gavin Wood
TL;DR: Ethereum as mentioned in this paper is a transactional singleton machine with shared state, which can be seen as a simple application on a decentralised, but singleton, compute resource, and it provides a plurality of resources, each with a distinct state and operating code but able to interact through a message-passing framework with others.
Journal ArticleDOI

Formalizing and Securing Relationships on Public Networks

Nick Szabo
- 01 Sep 1997 - 
TL;DR: Protocols with application in important contracting areas, including credit, content rights management, payment systems, and contracts with bearer are discussed.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

On the Security and Performance of Proof of Work Blockchains

TL;DR: This paper introduces a novel quantitative framework to analyse the security and performance implications of various consensus and network parameters of PoW blockchains and devise optimal adversarial strategies for double-spending and selfish mining while taking into account real world constraints.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Making Smart Contracts Smarter

TL;DR: This paper investigates the security of running smart contracts based on Ethereum in an open distributed network like those of cryptocurrencies, and proposes ways to enhance the operational semantics of Ethereum to make contracts less vulnerable.
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Why ethereum is important?

The provided paper does not explicitly mention why Ethereum is important.