A Survey of Energy Harvesting Technologies
01 Aug 2017-
TL;DR: In this paper, a review about energy harvesting technologies their significance and limitations is presented. And the energy harvesting from these sources are applicable to WSNs and portable electronic equipment, including ocean waves, thermoelectricity, and physical motions.
Abstract: Several different ambient energy sources available like ocean waves, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity and physical motions. The energy harvesting from these sources are applicable to WSNs and portable electronic equipment. This paper review about energy harvesting technologies their significance and limitations.
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Proceedings Article•
01 Jan 2009TL;DR: This paper summarizes recent energy harvesting results and their power management circuits.
Abstract: More than a decade of research in the field of thermal, motion, vibration and electromagnetic radiation energy harvesting has yielded increasing power output and smaller embodiments. Power management circuits for rectification and DC-DC conversion are becoming able to efficiently convert the power from these energy harvesters. This paper summarizes recent energy harvesting results and their power management circuits.
711 citations
TL;DR: Key energy harvesting technologies are presented that utilize available energy sources in the field such as vibration, solar, and wind that lead to design of an efficient wireless underground communication system to power underground nodes for prolonged field operation in decision agriculture.
Abstract: Energy efficiency is vital for uninterrupted long-term operation of wireless underground communication nodes in the field of decision agriculture. In this paper, energy harvesting and wireless power transfer techniques are discussed with applications in underground wireless communications (UWC). Various external wireless power transfer techniques are explored. Moreover, key energy harvesting technologies are presented that utilize available energy sources in the field such as vibration, solar, and wind. In this regard, the Electromagnetic (EM)- and Magnetic Induction (MI)-based approaches are explained. Furthermore, the vibration-based energy harvesting models are reviewed as well. These energy harvesting approaches lead to design of an efficient wireless underground communication system to power underground nodes for prolonged field operation in decision agriculture.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a Markov Decision Process (MDP) is proposed to schedule a duty cycle of an SEH-WSN node instead of the ED-DSP depending on the predicted energy.
Abstract: Applications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are rapidly spreading out over the world. The one critical point of WSNs is energy consumption, where the transmitted data is limited by battery energy. Solar energy is used to handle the depletion of the battery energy via photo voltaic (PV) panels. A solar energy harvesting WSN (SEH-WSN) node utilizes exponential decision-dynamic duty cycle scheduling based on prospective increase in energy (ED-DSP) to save battery energy by adjusting the duty cycle from an exponential curve and future solar energy. To estimate the prospective solar energy, a prediction technique is applied, but does not guarantee 100% accuracy. Hence, this paper proposes a Markov Decision Process (MDP) to schedule a duty cycle of an SEH-WSN node instead of the ED-DSP depending on the predicted energy. We evaluate its performance via MATLAB simulations with simple irradiance models and real annual irradiance data. The results show that the MDP policy outperforms the ED-DSP.
8 citations
18 Dec 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors deal with the studies which have done in the area of energy harvesting (EH) in LoRa based systems to minimize the mismatch between the energy harvested and consumed.
Abstract: Real-time monitoring systems such as environmental monitoring, smart farming, etc. uses a wireless sensor network(WSN) that consist of nodes and gateways. The sensor nodes in WSN are usually powered by batteries that have only a limited lifetime. These nodes are deployed in fields and expected to operate for a long time. Due to extensive usage, the battery will drain up soon resulting in energy scarcity. To overcome the challenge, many energy harvesting techniques are used. Several studies have shown that harvested energy is not sufficient to meet the energy requirements of the system in a WSN. LoRa, as low power, long range technology can be a solution to this problem which consumes less energy compared to other technologies. This paper deals with the studies which have done in the area of energy harvesting (EH) in LoRa based systems to minimize the mismatch between the energy harvested and consumed.
7 citations
References
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TL;DR: This survey presents a comprehensive review of the recent literature since the publication of a survey on sensor networks, and gives an overview of several new applications and then reviews the literature on various aspects of WSNs.
5,626 citations
TL;DR: The goal of this paper is not to suggest that the conversion of vibrations is the best or most versatile method to scavenge ambient power, but to study its potential as a viable power source for applications where vibrations are present.
2,727 citations
"A Survey of Energy Harvesting Techn..." refers background in this paper
...The power output 65-90% of nominal value at resonating frequency [34]....
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01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, various issues are discussed that actually put the limitations in the well working and the life time of the network.
Abstract: Wireless sensor networks are the networks consisting of large number of small and tiny sensor nodes. The nodes are supplied with limited power, memory and other resources and perform in-network processing. In this paper, various issues are discussed that actually put the limitations in the well working and the life time of the network. In Wireless sensor network, nodes should consume less power, memory and so data aggregation should be performed. Security is another aspect which should be present in the network. Quality of service, routing, medium access schemes all are considered in designing the protocols.
1,985 citations
"A Survey of Energy Harvesting Techn..." refers background in this paper
...5 μW/cm(3) for a tenyear lifetime, so that chemical battery is not proper solution for long life [8, 9]....
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TL;DR: Various aspects of energy harvesting sensor systems- architecture, energy sources and storage technologies and examples of harvesting-based nodes and applications are surveyed and the implications of recharge opportunities on sensor node operation and design of sensor network solutions are discussed.
Abstract: Sensor networks with battery-powered nodes can seldom simultaneously meet the design goals of lifetime, cost, sensing reliability and sensing and transmission coverage. Energy-harvesting, converting ambient energy to electrical energy, has emerged as an alternative to power sensor nodes. By exploiting recharge opportunities and tuning performance parameters based on current and expected energy levels, energy harvesting sensor nodes have the potential to address the conflicting design goals of lifetime and performance. This paper surveys various aspects of energy harvesting sensor systems- architecture, energy sources and storage technologies and examples of harvesting-based nodes and applications. The study also discusses the implications of recharge opportunities on sensor node operation and design of sensor network solutions.
1,870 citations
"A Survey of Energy Harvesting Techn..." refers background in this paper
...These exiting solar harvesting solutions applicable to various commercial applications [25]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a small (component volume 1 cm3, practical volume 1 5 cm3) electromagnetic generator utilizing discrete components and optimized for a low ambient vibration level based upon real application data.
Abstract: Vibration energy harvesting is receiving a considerable amount of interest as a means for powering wireless sensor nodes This paper presents a small (component volume 01 cm3, practical volume 015 cm3) electromagnetic generator utilizing discrete components and optimized for a low ambient vibration level based upon real application data The generator uses four magnets arranged on an etched cantilever with a wound coil located within the moving magnetic field Magnet size and coil properties were optimized, with the final device producing 46 µW in a resistive load of 4 k? from just 059 m s-2 acceleration levels at its resonant frequency of 52 Hz A voltage of 428 mVrms was obtained from the generator with a 2300 turn coil which has proved sufficient for subsequent rectification and voltage step-up circuitry The generator delivers 30% of the power supplied from the environment to useful electrical power in the load This generator compares very favourably with other demonstrated examples in the literature, both in terms of normalized power density and efficiency
1,313 citations
"A Survey of Energy Harvesting Techn..." refers background in this paper
...6m/s(2) acceleration at frequency 50Hz [36]....
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...01 cm(3) less volume generated less power than 10mW [36]....
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