A survey of ionospheric effects on space-based radar
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Cites background from "A survey of ionospheric effects on ..."
...As discussed earlier, we expect a significant new (not usually evident at C-band) error contribution from the ionosphere [10], [11]....
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141 citations
Cites background from "A survey of ionospheric effects on ..."
...In SAR interferograms, topography and ground deformation signals are mixed with ionospheric disturbances [1]....
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References
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Additional excerpts
...The fourth-order moment is obtained by using the following wellknown relationship (Papoulis 1965) for four stochastic Gaussian variables: 〈x1x2x∗3 x∗4 〉 =〈x1x∗3 〉〈x2x∗4 〉+ 〈x1x∗4 〉〈x2x∗3 〉+ 〈x1x2〉〈x∗3 x∗4 〉....
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"A survey of ionospheric effects on ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...…the path, r0n the distance from the receiver to r0, ψd and ψu the downward and upward path complex phase fluctuations due to ionospheric turbulence (Fante 1985, Ishimaru 1997), di = ∫ ds is the ionospheric thickness along the path, and 0 gives the azimuthal resolution ( y ′), as shown in figure 10....
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...Therefore, the resulting correlation function may be modelled as a frequency coherence function given by Knepp and Reinking (1989), Ishimaru (1997): CSS( fd) = 〈S( f )S( f + fd)〉 − 〈S〉2, (5.29) where S is assumed to be a stationary process over the frequency range of interest....
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...There are available several books (Ishimaru 1978, 1997, Tatarskii 1971, Tatarskii et al 1993, Uscinski 1977), some earlier investigations (Shishov 1973, 1974, Fante 1974, 1980a, 1981, Hong and Ishimaru 1976, Hong et al 1977, Ishimaru 1975, Ishimaru and Hong 1975, Knepp 1983a, 1983b, Liu et al 1974,…...
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...…equation (5.4), we see that the variance of the refractive index fluctuation due to the ionospheric turbulence is approximately proportional to f −4 (Ishimaru 1997), and this can reduce the coherent length of the wavefield below the effective aperture size of SAR, and thus the azimuthal resolution…...
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...This conventional view is confirmed by transport theory (radiative transfer theory) (Ishimaru 1978, 1997)....
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3,042 citations
"A survey of ionospheric effects on ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Chirp signals are widely used in high-performance radar applications for pulse compression (e.g. Rosen et al 2000)....
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...The technical challenges and the applications of SAR interferometry (InSAR) for topographic mapping and deformation measurements from space have developed dramatically since the beginning of the 1990s (Gens and van Genderen 1996, Bamler and Hartl 1998, Rosen et al 2000)....
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...…radar frequency (e.g. greater than 50 m ionospheric path delay at the L-band) and can be quite substantial in the difference phase that produces the interferogram (many centimetres of differential tropospheric delay, and metre-level ionospheric contributions at low frequencies) (Rosen et al 2000)....
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2,441 citations
"A survey of ionospheric effects on ..." refers background in this paper
...(3.9) This can be expressed in terms of the one-way scintillation index, Sm (Nakagami 1960): S2m = m−1 = 〈(|eu|2 − 〈|eu|2〉)2〉....
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...Nakagami (1960) summarized the derivation and principal characteristics of the m-distribution, which describes the intensity distributions due to rapid fading, and its applicability to both ionospheric and tropospheric modes of propagation has been fairly well confirmed by many observations....
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...According to the Nakagami-m distribution, m is a positive number not less than 0.5, and m = 1 for a Rayleigh distribution (Nakagami 1960)....
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...…distribution, for this case the PDF of the fluctuations of the S254 Z-W Xu et al received power caused by the disturbed propagation channel takes the form of equation (5.10) (Nakagami 1960, Knepp and Reinking 1989): p1(S) = m m Sm−1 (m)〈S〉m exp (−mS 〈S〉 ) , S 0, (5.14) where 〈S〉 is the mean value....
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