A survey of keyword spotting techniques for printed document images
Citations
134 citations
46 citations
Cites background or methods from "A survey of keyword spotting techni..."
...The file formats can be grouped into continuous tone still-image compression formats and bi-level still-image compression formats (Miano 1999)....
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...Image compression is a technique that is used to identify internal data redundancy and to subsequently come up with a compact representation, which occupies less storage space than the original image data (Sayood 2012; Salomon et al. 2010; Miano 1999)....
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...JPEG (Miano 1999) is themostwidely used image compression algorithmwhich usesDiscrete Cosine Transform (DCT)....
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...The data compression techniques not only make the Big-data space efficient, but also communication efficient (download/upload); this is because transferring of a large volume of data over the internet or personal networks is expensive in terms of time and bandwidth (Kia 1997; Miano 1999)....
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...Digitally acquired document images generally occupy a large amount of storage space and thus require an excess of download/transfer time (Kia 1997; Gonzalez and Woods 2009; Miano 1999)....
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35 citations
Cites background from "A survey of keyword spotting techni..."
...Minimization of makespan can be done by assigning the set of Ji jobs to set of virtual machines ’ vm’, the order of execution of the jobs in virtual machines does not matters....
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30 citations
Cites methods from "A survey of keyword spotting techni..."
...Methods have thus been proposed for document analysis and retrieval directly on the document images, without the need for OCR— see for example [103, 228, 255]....
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24 citations
Cites background from "A survey of keyword spotting techni..."
...Profile features, such as upper or lower word profiles, projection, density or transition profiles have been reported to successfully represent words in a document image that has undergone word level segmentation [24, 26]....
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References
319 citations
"A survey of keyword spotting techni..." refers methods in this paper
...Optical Character Recognition deals with the machine recognition of characters present in an input image obtained using scanning operation (Doermann 1998)....
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...This kind of technique is also called as Keyword Spotting, in which the text is identified at word level using the properties of image Doermann (1998)....
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...1999) and Document Image Retrieval (Keyword spotting) technique (Doermann 1998)....
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...There are two primary approaches to locate the desirable text in the document images for retrieving the appropriate information; Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technique (Kameshiro et al. 1999) and Document Image Retrieval (Keyword spotting) technique (Doermann 1998)....
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279 citations
"A survey of keyword spotting techni..." refers background in this paper
...Still, three shape codes have been further explored into five shape codes named as V0, to distinguish the character j from i (Smeaton and Spitz 1997; Spitz 1993)....
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234 citations
"A survey of keyword spotting techni..." refers methods in this paper
...Dynamic Time Warping is a dynamic programming based procedure (Rath and Manmatha 2003) to align two sequences of signals and compute a similarity measure....
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143 citations