A survey of recent shell finite elements
10 Jan 2000-International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)-Vol. 47, pp 101-127
TL;DR: A comprehensive survey of the literature on curved shell finite elements can be found in this article, where the first two present authors and Liaw presented a survey of such literature in 1990 in this journal.
Abstract: Since the mid-1960s when the forms of curved shell finite elements were originated, including those pioneered by Professor Gallagher, the published literature on the subject has grown extensively. The first two present authors and Liaw presented a survey of such literature in 1990 in this journal. Professor Gallagher maintained an active interest in this subject during his entire academic career, publishing milestone research works and providing periodic reviews of the literature. In this paper, we endeavor to summarize the important literature on shell finite elements over the past 15 years. It is hoped that this will be a befitting tribute to the pioneering achievements and sustained legacy of our beloved Professor Gallagher in the area of shell finite elements. This survey includes: the degenerated shell approach; stress-resultant-based formulations and Cosserat surface approach; reduced integration with stabilization; incompatible modes approach; enhanced strain formulations; 3-D elasticity elements; drilling d.o.f. elements; co-rotational approach; and higher-order theories for composites. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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TL;DR: Theories and finite elements for multilayered structures have been reviewed in this article, where the authors present an extensive numerical evaluation of available results, along with assessment and benchmarking.
Abstract: This work is a sequel of a previous author’s article: “Theories and Finite Elements for Multilayered. Anisotropic, Composite Plates and Shell”, Archive of Computational Methods in Engineering Vol 9, no 2, 2002; in which a literature overview of available modelings for layered flat and curved structures was given. The two following topics, which were not addressed in the previous work, are detailed in this review: 1. derivation of governing equations and finite element matrices for some of the most relevant plate/shell theories; 2. to present an extensive numerical evaluations of available results, along with assessment and benchmarking. The article content has been divided into four parts. An introduction to this review content is given in Part I. A unified description of several modelings based on displacements and transverse stress assumptions ins given in Part II. The order of the expansion in the thickness directions has been taken as a free parameter. Two-dimensional modelings which include Zig-Zag effects, Interlaminar Continuity as well as Layer-Wise (LW), and Equivalent Single Layer (ESL) description have been addressed. Part III quotes governing equations and FE matrices which have been written in a unified manner by making an extensive use of arrays notations. Governing differential equations of double curved shells and finite element matrices of multilayered plates are considered. Principle of Virtual Displacement (PVD) and Reissner’s Mixed Variational Theorem (RMVT), have been employed as statements to drive variationally consistent conditions, e.g.C
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-Requirements, on the assumed displacements and stransverse stress fields. The number of the nodes in the element has been taken as a free parameter. As a results both differential governing equations and finite element matrices have been written in terms of a few 3×3 fundamental nuclei which have 9 only terms each. A vast and detailed numerical investigation has been given in Part IV. Performances of available theories and finite elements have been compared by building about 40 tables and 16 figures. More than fifty available theories and finite elements have been compared to those developed in the framework of the unified notation discussed in Parts II and III. Closed form solutions and and finite element results related to bending and vibration of plates and shells have been addressed. Zig-zag effects and interlaminar continuity have been evaluated for a number of problems. Different possibilities to get transverse normal stresses have been compared. LW results have been systematically compared to ESL ones. Detailed evaluations of transverse normal stress effects are given. Exhaustive assessment has been conducted in the Tables 28–39 which compare more than 40 models to evaluate local and global response of layered structures. A final Meyer-Piening problem is used to asses two-dimensional modelings vs local effects description.
951 citations
Cites background from "A survey of recent shell finite ele..."
...Among these the review articles by Dvorkin [22] and Yang at alii [ 23 ] are herein mentioned....
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TL;DR: In this article, an overview of available theories and finite elements that have been developed for multilayered, anisotropic, composite plate and shell structures is presented. But, although a comprehensive description of several techniques and approaches is given, most of this paper has been devoted to the so called axiomatic theories and related finite element implementations.
Abstract: This work is an overview of available theories and finite elements that have been developed for multilayered, anisotropic, composite plate and shell structures. Although a comprehensive description of several techniques and approaches is given, most of this paper has been devoted to the so called axiomatic theories and related finite element implementations. Most of the theories and finite elements that have been proposed over the last thirty years are in fact based on these types of approaches. The paper has been divided into three parts. Part I, has been devoted to the description of possible approaches to plate and shell structures: 3D approaches, continuum based methods, axiomatic and asymptotic two-dimensional theories, classical and mixed formulations, equivalent single layer and layer wise variable descriptions are considered (the number of the unknown variables is considered to be independent of the number of the constitutive layers in the equivalent single layer case). Complicating effects that have been introduced by anisotropic behavior and layered constructions, such as high transverse deformability, zig-zag effects and interlaminar continuity, have been discussed and summarized by the acronimC
-Requirements. Two-dimensional theories have been dealt with in Part II. Contributions based on axiomatic, asymtotic and continuum based approaches have been overviewed. Classical theories and their refinements are first considered. Both case of equivalent single-layer and layer-wise variables descriptions are discussed. The so-called zig-zag theories are then discussed. A complete and detailed overview has been conducted for this type of theory which relies on an approach that is entirely originated and devoted to layered constructions. Formulas and contributions related to the three possible zig-zag approaches, i.e. Lekhnitskii-Ren, Ambartsumian-Whitney-Rath-Das, Reissner-Murakami-Carrera ones have been presented and overviewed, taking into account the findings of a recent historical note provided by the author. Finite Element FE implementations are examined in Part III. The possible developments of finite elements for layered plates and shells are first outlined. FEs based on the theories considered in Part II are discussed along with those approaches which consist of a specific application of finite element techniques, such as hybrid methods and so-called global/local techniques. The extension of finite elements that were originally developed for isotropic one layered structures to multilayerd plates and shells are first discussed. Works based on classical and refined theories as well as on equivalent single layer and layer-wise descriptions have been overviewed. Development of available zig-zag finite elements has been considered for the three cases of zig-zag theories. Finite elements based on other approches are also discussed. Among these, FEs based on asymtotic theories, degenerate continuum approaches, stress resultant methods, asymtotic methods, hierarchy-p,_-s global/local techniques as well as mixed and hybrid formulations have been overviewed.
839 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Cosserat-type theories of plates and shells are discussed as a special application of this model, and the authors show that they can explain additional effects in solid and fluid mechanics in a more satisfying manner.
Abstract: One of the research direction of Horst Lippmann during his whole scientific career was devoted to the possibilities to explain complex material behavior by generalized continua models. A representative of such models is the Cosserat continuum. The basic idea of this model is the independence of translations and rotations (and by analogy, the independence of forces and moments). With the help of this model some additional effects in solid and fluid mechanics can be explained in a more satisfying manner. They are established in experiments, but not presented by the classical equations. In this paper the Cosserat-type theories of plates and shells are debated as a special application of the Cosserat theory.
346 citations
Additional excerpts
...Finite element formulations of the Cosserat shell theory are presented in [39,152,167,274,322]....
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15 Nov 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of modeling and discretization aspects in finite element analysis of thin-walled structures, focusing on nonlinear finite element formulations for large displacements and rotations in the context of elastostatics.
Abstract: The present study provides an overview of modeling and discretization aspects in finite element analysis of thin-walled structures. Shell formulations based upon derivation from three-dimensional continuum mechanics, the direct approach, and the degenerated solid concept are compared, highlighting conditions for their equivalence. Rather than individually describing the innumerable contributions to theories and finite element formulations for plates and shells, the essential decisions in modeling and discretization, along with their consequences, are discussed. It is hoped that this approach comprises a good amount of the existing literature by including most concepts in a generic format. The contribution focuses on nonlinear finite element formulations for large displacements and rotations in the context of elastostatics. Although application to dynamics and problems involving material nonlinearities is straightforward, these subjects are not taken into account explicitly.
262 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a phantom-node method is developed for three-node shell elements to describe cracks, which can treat arbitrary cracks independently of the mesh mesh and may cut elements completely or partially.
Abstract: A phantom-node method is developed for three-node shell elements to describe cracks This method can treat arbitrary cracks independently of the mesh The crack may cut elements completely or partially Elements are overlapped on the position of the crack, and they are partially integrated to implement the discontinuous displacement across the crack To consider the element containing a crack tip, a new kinematical relation between the overlapped elements is developed There is no enrichment function for the discontinuous displacement field Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the proposed method
256 citations
Cites background from "A survey of recent shell finite ele..."
...[28] are popular due to their simplicity of formulation and implementation in the finite element procedures [29]....
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References
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01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: In this article, the methodes are numeriques and the fonction de forme reference record created on 2005-11-18, modified on 2016-08-08.
Abstract: Keywords: methodes : numeriques ; fonction de forme Reference Record created on 2005-11-18, modified on 2016-08-08
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01 Jan 1909
TL;DR: Cosserat and Hermann as mentioned in this paper discussed the kinematical and dynamical theories of the flexible line, the flexible surface, and the deformable three-dimensional medium in great detail.
Abstract: THE authors, who are well known by their writings on general elastic theory, here reprint in separate form an appendix contributed by them to M. Chwolson's “Traité de Physique.” The kinematical and dynamical theories of the flexible line, the flexible surface, and the deformable three-dimensional medium are discussed in turn in great detail. The dynamical standpoint adopted is that of the principle of action, which forms, in the authors' opinion, the only satisfactory basis for the “deductive” exposition of the subject. In each, case the most general form of the function representing the “action” is sought which is consistent with the necessary invariantive relations. This procedure is, of course, not altogether new, and an expert, turning over the pages, will recognise much that in one form or another is familiar to him. The treatment is necessarily somewhat abstract, and is i mathematically very elaborate, Cartesian, methods being followed throughout. To many readers the long train of general investigations, unrelieved by a single application, may prove deterrent; but the authors at all events claim that their procedure has never before been carried out so resolutely and completely, and may justly pride themselves on the mathematical elegance of their work. Apart from its other qualities, the treatise has a distinct value as a book of reference, and furnishes a whole arsenal of formulæ which may save trouble to future writers.Théorie des Corps déformables.By E. Cosserat F. Cosserat. Pp. vi + 226. (Paris: A. Hermann et Fils, 1909.) Price 6 francs.
1,783 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three-dimensional elasticity solutions for rectangular laminates with pinned edges are constructed for three dimensional elasticity problems, including a sandwich plate, and compared to the analogous results in classical laminated plate theory.
Abstract: In a continuing study, three-dimensional elasticity solutions are constructed for rectangular laminates with pinned edges. The lamination geometry treated consists of arbitrary numbers of layers which can be isotropic or orthotropic with material symmetry axes parallel to the plate axes. Several specific example problems are solved, including a sandwich plate, and compared to the analogous results in classical laminated plate theory.
1,730 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a three-field mixed formulation in terms of displacements, stresses and an enhanced strain field is presented which encompasses, as a particular case, the classical method of incompatible modes.
Abstract: A three-field mixed formulation in terms of displacements, stresses and an enhanced strain field is presented which encompasses, as a particular case, the classical method of incompatible modes. Within this frame-work, incompatible elements arise as particular ‘compatible’ mixed approximations of the enhanced strain field. The conditions that the stress interpolation contain piece-wise constant functions and be L2-ortho-gonal to the enhanced strain interpolation, ensure satisfaction of the patch test and allow the elimination of the stress field from the formulation. The preceding conditions are formulated in a form particularly convenient for element design. As an illustration of the methodology three new elements are developed and shown to exhibit good performance: a plane 3D elastic/plastic QUAD, an axisymmetric element and a thick plate bending QUAD. The formulation described herein is suitable for non-linear analysis.
1,559 citations