A Survey of Road Traffic Congestion Measures towards a Sustainable and Resilient Transportation System
07 Jun 2020-Sustainability (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)-Vol. 12, Iss: 11, pp 4660
TL;DR: This study summarizes the current road traffic congestion measures and provides a constructive insight into the development of a sustainable and resilient traffic management system.
Abstract: Traffic congestion is a perpetual problem for the sustainability of transportation development. Traffic congestion causes delays, inconvenience, and economic losses to drivers, as well as air pollution. Identification and quantification of traffic congestion are crucial for decision-makers to initiate mitigation strategies to improve the overall transportation system’s sustainability. In this paper, the currently available measures are detailed and compared by implementing them on a daily and weekly traffic historical dataset. The results showed each measure showed significant variations in congestion states while indicating a similar congestion trend. The advantages and disadvantages of each measure are identified from the data analysis. This study summarizes the current road traffic congestion measures and provides a constructive insight into the development of a sustainable and resilient traffic management system.
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TL;DR: Embedding the deep learning techniques in the vison node at the traffic junction and the highway lighting controller is able to deliver an intelligent system that provides sustained experience and management of the highways, supporting and realizing a sustainable environment on the highways.
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01 Sep 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey on the recent advances of UAVs and their roles in current and future transportation systems and highlight the challenges and opportunities of integrating UAV towards future intelligent and resilient transportation systems.
Abstract: The adoption of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in numerous sectors is projected to grow exponentially in the future as technology advances and regulation evolves. One of the promising applications of UAVs is in transportation systems. As the current transportation system is moving towards Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), UAVs will play a significant role in the functioning of ITS. This paper presents a survey on the recent advances of UAVs and their roles in current and future transportation systems. Moreover, the emerging technologies of UAVs in the transportation section and the current research areas are summarized. From the discussion, the challenges and opportunities of integrating UAVs towards future ITS are highlighted. In addition, some of the potential research areas involving UAVs in future ITS are also identified. This study aims to lay a foundation for the development of future intelligent and resilient transportation systems.
34 citations
TL;DR: This study investigates a decentralized green traffic optimization framework by pushing swarm intelligence into connected vehicles to mitigate traffic congestion by using repelling pheromone, which generates a repulsive force among vehicles so that their travel paths are distributed throughout a road network, resulting in a congestion-free road network.
29 citations
03 Apr 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used TensorFlow platform for machine learning and YOLO algorithm for real-time vehicle detection and DeepSORT algorithm for counting the number of vehicles pass in the video effectively.
Abstract: Every year, the number of vehicles on the road will be increasing. as claimed by a road transport department (JPJ) data in Malaysia, there were around 31.2 million units of motor vehicles recorded in Malaysia as of December 31, 2019. While as, from the mid-2017, there were around 28.18 million units of motor vehicles recorded in Malaysia. Consequently, accurate and fast detection of vehicles on the road is needed by using the volume of vehicles as valuable data for detecting traffic congestion which then benefits for traffic management. Using the implemented deep learning for vehicle detection, this paper project is using TensorFlow which is platform for machine learning and you only look once (yolo) which is object detection algorithm for real-time vehicle detection. By combining this two and other dependencies with python as programming language, the suggested method in this paper determine the improvement of YOLOv4 latest algorithm compared to the previous model in vehicle detection system. This vehicle detection also uses DeepSORT algorithm to help counting the number of vehicles pass in the video effectively. From this paper, the best model between YOLO model is Yolov4 which had achieved state-of-the-art results with 82.08% AP50 using the custom dataset at a real time speed of around 14 FPS on GTX 1660ti.
28 citations
TL;DR: A method for a traffic state estimation on a citywide scale using the novel traffic data representation, named Speed Transition Matrix (STM), which enables the simplification of the clustering process and provides increased interpretability of the resulting clusters.
Abstract: The rising need for mobility, especially in large urban centers, consequently results in congestion, which leads to increased travel times and pollution. Advanced traffic management systems are being developed to take the advantage of increased mobility positive effects and minimize the negative ones. The first step dealing with congestion in urban areas is the detection of congested areas and the estimation of the congestion level. This paper presents a a method for a traffic state estimation on a citywide scale using the novel traffic data representation, named Speed Transition Matrix (STM). The proposed method uses traffic data to extract the STMs and to estimate the traffic state based on the Center Of Mass (COM) computation for every STM. The COM-based approach enables the simplification of the clustering process and provides increased interpretability of the resulting clusters. Using the proposed method, traffic data is analyzed, and the traffic state is estimated for the most relevant road segments in the City of Zagreb, which is the capital and the largest city in Croatia. The traffic state classification results are validated using the cross-validation method and the domain knowledge data with the resulting accuracy of 97% and 91%, respectively. The results indicate the possible application of the proposed method for the traffic state estimation on macro- and micro-locations in the city area. In the end, the application of STMs for traffic state estimation, traffic management, and anomaly detection is discussed.
27 citations
References
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TL;DR: The current range of approaches to electric-vehicle lithium-ion battery recycling and re-use are outlined, areas for future progress are highlighted, and processes for dismantling and recycling lithium-ions from scrap electric vehicles are outlined.
Abstract: Rapid growth in the market for electric vehicles is imperative, to meet global targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, to improve air quality in urban centres and to meet the needs of consumers, with whom electric vehicles are increasingly popular. However, growing numbers of electric vehicles present a serious waste-management challenge for recyclers at end-of-life. Nevertheless, spent batteries may also present an opportunity as manufacturers require access to strategic elements and critical materials for key components in electric-vehicle manufacture: recycled lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles could provide a valuable secondary source of materials. Here we outline and evaluate the current range of approaches to electric-vehicle lithium-ion battery recycling and re-use, and highlight areas for future progress. Processes for dismantling and recycling lithium-ion battery packs from scrap electric vehicles are outlined.
1,333 citations
TL;DR: It is postulated that lane-changing vehicles create voids in traffic streams, and that these voids reduce flow, and this mechanism is described with a model that tracks lane changers precisely, as particles endowed with realistic mechanical properties.
Abstract: It is postulated that lane-changing vehicles create voids in traffic streams, and that these voids reduce flow. This mechanism is described with a model that tracks lane changers precisely, as particles endowed with realistic mechanical properties. The model has four easy-to-measure parameters and reproduces without re-calibration two bottleneck phenomena previously thought to be unrelated: (i) the drop in the discharge rate of freeway bottlenecks when congestion begins, and (ii) the relation between the speed of a moving bottleneck and its capacity.
623 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the average discharge rate of vehicles in a queue can be 10% lower than the flow measured prior to the queue's formation and the discharge flows exhibited nearly stationary patterns that alternated between higher and lower rates.
Abstract: Observations from two freeway bottlenecks in and near Toronto, Canada indicate that the average rate vehicles discharge from a queue can be 10% lower than the flow measured prior to the queue's formation. Absent any influences from downstream, the queue discharge flows exhibited nearly stationary patterns that alternated between higher and lower rates. These alternating flow patterns were especially evident at one of the two sites, although the feature occurred at both sites during periods that immediately followed the onset of upstream queueing; i.e. a queue's formation was always accompanied by a relatively low discharge rate followed later by a temporary surge in the discharge flow. When plotted cumulatively over time, however, the counts of discharging vehicles generally did not deviate by more than about 50 vehicles from a trend line of constant slope. Thus, the discharge flows are described as being `nearly' constant; i.e. they varied (slightly) about a fixed rate. At each site, this average discharge rate exhibited little deviation from day to day. The present findings came by visually comparing transformed curves of cumulative vehicle arrival number vs time and cumulative occupancy vs time measured at neighboring loop detectors. This treatment of the data provided clear presentations of some important traffic features and this facilitated a detailed study of bottleneck flows.
615 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the usefulness of different types of life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of electrified vehicles to provide robust and relevant stakeholder information, and present synthesized conclusions based on 79 papers.
Abstract: The purpose of this review article is to investigate the usefulness of different types of life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of electrified vehicles to provide robust and relevant stakeholder information. It presents synthesized conclusions based on 79 papers. Another objective is to search for explanations to divergence and “complexity” of results found by other overviewing papers in the research field, and to compile methodological learnings. The hypothesis was that such divergence could be explained by differences in goal and scope definitions of the reviewed LCA studies. The review has set special attention to the goal and scope formulation of all included studies. First, completeness and clarity have been assessed in view of the ISO standard’s (ISO 2006a, b) recommendation for goal definition. Secondly, studies have been categorized based on technical and methodological scope, and searched for coherent conclusions. Comprehensive goal formulation according to the ISO standard (ISO 2006a, b) is absent in most reviewed studies. Few give any account of the time scope, indicating the temporal validity of results and conclusions. Furthermore, most studies focus on today’s electric vehicle technology, which is under strong development. Consequently, there is a lack of future time perspective, e.g., to advances in material processing, manufacturing of parts, and changes in electricity production. Nevertheless, robust assessment conclusions may still be identified. Most obvious is that electricity production is the main cause of environmental impact for externally chargeable vehicles. If, and only if, the charging electricity has very low emissions of fossil carbon, electric vehicles can reach their full potential in mitigating global warming. Consequently, it is surprising that almost no studies make this stipulation a main conclusion and try to convey it as a clear message to relevant stakeholders. Also, obtaining resources can be observed as a key area for future research. In mining, leakage of toxic substances from mine tailings has been highlighted. Efficient recycling, which is often assumed in LCA studies of electrified vehicles, may reduce demand for virgin resources and production energy. However, its realization remains a future challenge. LCA studies with clearly stated purposes and time scope are key to stakeholder lessons and guidance. It is also necessary for quality assurance. LCA practitioners studying hybrid and electric vehicles are strongly recommended to provide comprehensive and clear goal and scope formulation in line with the ISO standard (ISO 2006a, b).
383 citations
"A Survey of Road Traffic Congestion..." refers background in this paper
...However, there are also other environmental impacts imposed by batteries from electric vehicles [88,89]....
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TL;DR: The main finding is that there is a good match between the two measurement methods, indicating that the cellular phone-based system can be useful for various practical applications.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the performance of a new operational system for measuring traffic speeds and travel times which is based on information from a cellular phone service provider. Cellular measurements are compared with those obtained by dual magnetic loop detectors. The comparison uses data for a busy 14 km freeway with 10 interchanges, in both directions, during January–March of 2005. The dataset contains 1 284 587 valid loop detector speed measurements and 440 331 valid measurements from the cellular system, each measurement referring to a 5 min interval. During one week in this period, 25 floating car measurements were conducted as additional comparison observations. The analyses include visual, graphical, and statistical techniques; focusing in particular on comparisons of speed patterns in the time–space domain. The main finding is that there is a good match between the two measurement methods, indicating that the cellular phone-based system can be useful for various practical applications such as advanced traveler information systems and evaluating system performance for modeling and planning. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
361 citations
"A Survey of Road Traffic Congestion..." refers methods in this paper
...For example, the Texas Transportation Institute used the Roadway Congestion Index in the 1994 urban mobility report [32], and the Washington State Transportation Department used the average peak travel time in the 2006 congestion report [33]....
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