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Journal ArticleDOI

A survey of socially interactive robots

TL;DR: The context for socially interactive robots is discussed, emphasizing the relationship to other research fields and the different forms of “social robots”, and a taxonomy of design methods and system components used to build socially interactive Robots is presented.
About: This article is published in Robotics and Autonomous Systems.The article was published on 2003-03-31 and is currently open access. It has received 2869 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Media Lab Europe's social robots & Human–robot interaction.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive survey of robot Learning from Demonstration (LfD), a technique that develops policies from example state to action mappings, which analyzes and categorizes the multiple ways in which examples are gathered, as well as the various techniques for policy derivation.

3,343 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A literature review has been performed on the measurements of five key concepts in HRI: anthropomorphism, animacy, likeability, perceived intelligence, and perceived safety, distilled into five consistent questionnaires using semantic differential scales.
Abstract: This study emphasizes the need for standardized measurement tools for human robot interaction (HRI). If we are to make progress in this field then we must be able to compare the results from different studies. A literature review has been performed on the measurements of five key concepts in HRI: anthropomorphism, animacy, likeability, perceived intelligence, and perceived safety. The results have been distilled into five consistent questionnaires using semantic differential scales. We report reliability and validity indicators based on several empirical studies that used these questionnaires. It is our hope that these questionnaires can be used by robot developers to monitor their progress. Psychologists are invited to further develop the questionnaires by adding new concepts, and to conduct further validations where it appears necessary.

1,889 citations


Cites methods from "A survey of socially interactive ro..."

  • ...We can not offer an exhaustive framework for the perception of robots similar to the frameworks that have already been developed for social robots [9–11] that would justify...

    [...]

Book
25 Jan 2008
TL;DR: The goal of this review is to present a unified treatment of HRI-related problems, to identify key themes, and discuss challenge problems that are likely to shape the field in the near future.
Abstract: Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) has recently received considerable attention in the academic community, in labs, in technology companies, and through the media. Because of this attention, it is desirable to present a survey of HRI to serve as a tutorial to people outside the field and to promote discussion of a unified vision of HRI within the field. The goal of this review is to present a unified treatment of HRI-related problems, to identify key themes, and discuss challenge problems that are likely to shape the field in the near future. Although the review follows a survey structure, the goal of presenting a coherent "story" of HRI means that there are necessarily some well-written, intriguing, and influential papers that are not referenced. Instead of trying to survey every paper, we describe the HRI story from multiple perspectives with an eye toward identifying themes that cross applications. The survey attempts to include papers that represent a fair cross section of the universities, government efforts, industry labs, and countries that contribute to HRI, and a cross section of the disciplines that contribute to the field, such as human, factors, robotics, cognitive psychology, and design.

1,602 citations


Cites background from "A survey of socially interactive ro..."

  • ...These include atmospheric science [107], landing site surveillance of a Mars rover [19], border patrol [103], pollution monitoring [113], forest fire monitoring [49], infrastructure inspection [113], and munitions-based military applications [70]....

    [...]

01 Dec 2003
TL;DR: In this article, mental health issues often co-occur with other problems such as substance abuse, and they can take an enormous toll on individuals and impact a college or university in many ways.
Abstract: Mental health issues often co-occur with other problems such as substance abuse, and they can take an enormous toll on individuals and impact a college or university in many ways. There are staff and departments both onand off-campus who are concerned about the well-being of students and the impact of mental health issues, so partnerships around mental health promotion and suicide prevention make good sense.

983 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper reviews the major approaches to multimodal human-computer interaction, giving an overview of the field from a computer vision perspective, and focuses on body, gesture, gaze, and affective interaction.

948 citations


Cites background from "A survey of socially interactive ro..."

  • ...The authors of [18] give a comprehensive review of socially active robots and discuss the role of “humanoriented perception” (speech, gesture, and gaze)....

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References
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Book
01 Jan 1872
TL;DR: The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals Introduction to the First Edition and Discussion Index, by Phillip Prodger and Paul Ekman.
Abstract: Acknowledgments List of Illustrations Figures Plates Preface to the Anniversary Edition by Paul Ekman Preface to the Third Edition by Paul Ekman Preface to the Second Edition by Francis Darwin Introduction to the Third Edition by Paul Ekman The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals Introduction to the First Edition 1. General Principles of Expression 2. General Principles of Expression -- continued 3. General Principles of Expression -- continued 4. Means of Expression in Animals 5. Special Expressions of Animals 6. Special Expressions of Man: Suffering and Weeping 7. Low Spirits, Anxiety, Grief, Dejection, Despair 8. Joy, High Spirits, Love, Tender Feelings, Devotion 9. Reflection - Meditation - Ill-temper - Sulkiness - Determination 10. Hatred and Anger 11. Disdain - Contempt - Disgust - Guilt - Pride, Etc. - Helplessness - Patience - Affirmation and Negation 12. Surprise - Astonishment - Fear - Horror 13. Self-attention - Shame - Shyness - Modesty: Blushing 14. Concluding Remarks and Summary Afterword, by Paul Ekman APPENDIX I: Charles Darwin's Obituary, by T. H. Huxley APPENDIX II: Changes to the Text, by Paul Ekman APPENDIX III: Photography and The Expression of the Emotions, by Phillip Prodger APPENDIX IV: A Note on the Orientation of the Plates, by Phillip Prodger and Paul Ekman APPENDIX V: Concordance of Illustrations, by Phillip Prodger APPENDIX VI: List of Head Words from the Index to the First Edition NOTES NOTES TO THE COMMENTARIES INDEX

9,342 citations


"A survey of socially interactive ro..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Since Darwin [37], facial expressions have been considered to convey emotion....

    [...]

Book
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: This book presents a meta-modelling framework for speech recognition that automates the very labor-intensive and therefore time-heavy and therefore expensive and expensive process of manually modeling speech.
Abstract: 1. Fundamentals of Speech Recognition. 2. The Speech Signal: Production, Perception, and Acoustic-Phonetic Characterization. 3. Signal Processing and Analysis Methods for Speech Recognition. 4. Pattern Comparison Techniques. 5. Speech Recognition System Design and Implementation Issues. 6. Theory and Implementation of Hidden Markov Models. 7. Speech Recognition Based on Connected Word Models. 8. Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition. 9. Task-Oriented Applications of Automatic Speech Recognition.

8,442 citations


"A survey of socially interactive ro..." refers background in this paper

  • ...An excellent introduction to speech recognition is [129]....

    [...]

BookDOI
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: This chapter discusses Ant Foraging Behavior, Combinatorial Optimization, and Routing in Communications Networks, and its application to Data Analysis and Graph Partitioning.
Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. Ant Foraging Behavior, Combinatorial Optimization, and Routing in Communications Networks 3. Division of Labor and Task Allocation 4. Cemetery Organization, Brood Sorting, Data Analysis, and Graph Partitioning 5. Self-Organization and Templates: Application to Data Analysis and Graph Partitioning 6. Nest Building and Self-Assembling 7. Cooperative Transport by Insects and Robots 8. Epilogue

5,822 citations


"A survey of socially interactive ro..." refers background in this paper

  • ...[16] E....

    [...]

  • ...Stigmergy was first described by Grassé to explain how social insect societies can collectively produce complex behavior patterns and physical structures, even if each individual appears to work alone [16]....

    [...]

Book
29 Jul 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, a cognitive theory of emotion is proposed, which describes the organization of emotion types and the implications of the emotions-as-valenced-reactions claim, and the boundaries of the theory Emotion words and cross-cultural issues.
Abstract: 1. Introduction The study of emotion Types of evidence for theories of emotion Some goals for a cognitive theory of emotion 2. Structure of the theory The organisation of emotion types Basic emotions Some implications of the emotions-as-valenced-reactions claim 3. The cognitive psychology of appraisal The appraisal structure Central intensity variables 4. The intensity of emotions Global variables Local variables Variable-values, variable-weights, and emotion thresholds 5. Reactions to events: I. The well-being emotions Loss emotions and fine-grained analyses The fortunes-of-others emotions Self-pity and related states 6. Reactions to events: II. The prospect-based emotions Shock and pleasant surprise Some interrelationships between prospect-based emotions Suspense, resignation, hopelessness, and other related states 7. Reactions to agents The attribution emotions Gratitude, anger, and some other compound emotions 8. Reactions to objects The attraction emotions Fine-grained analyses and emotion sequences 9. The boundaries of the theory Emotion words and cross-cultural issues Emotion experiences and unconscious emotions Coping and the function of emotions Computational tractability.

4,942 citations

Book
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: The Intentional Stance as discussed by the authors is the first full-scale presentation of a theory of intentionality that has been developed for almost twenty years, and it can be seen as a pre-emptive strategy of interpretation that presupposes the rationality of the people or other entities we are hoping to understand and predict.
Abstract: How are we able to understand and anticipate each other in everyday life, in our daily interactions? Through the use of such "folk" concepts as belief, desire, intention, and expectation, asserts Daniel Dennett in this first full-scale presentation of a theory of intentionality that he has been developing for almost twenty years. We adopt a stance, he argues, a predictive strategy of interpretation that presupposes the rationality of the people - or other entities - we are hoping to understand and predict.These principles of radical interpretation have far-reaching implications for the metaphysical and scientific status of the processes referred to by the everday terms of folk psychology and their corresponding terms in cognitive science.While Dennett's philosophical stance has been steadfast over the years, his views have undergone successive enrichments, refinements, and extensions. "The Intentional Stance" brings together both previously published and original material: four of the book's ten chapters - its first and the final three - appear here for the first time and push the theory into surprising new territory. The remaining six were published earlier in the 1980s but were not easily accessible; each is followed by a reflection - an essay reconsidering and extending the claims of the earlier work. These reflections and the new chapters represent the vanguard of Dennett's thought. They reveal fresh lines of inquiry into fundamental issues in psychology, artificial intelligence, and evolutionary theory as well as traditional issues in the philosophy of mind.Daniel C. Dennett is Distinguished Arts and Sciences Professor at Tufts University and the author of "Brainstorms" and "Elbow Room." "The Intentional Stance," along with these works, is a Bradford Book.

4,288 citations

Frequently Asked Questions (12)
Q1. What contributions have the authors mentioned in the paper "A survey of socially interactive robots: concepts, design, and applications" ?

This report reviews “ socially interactive robots ”: robots for which social human-robot interaction is important. The authors begin by discussing the context for socially interactive robots, emphasizing the relationship to other research fields and the different forms of “ social robots ”. The authors then present a taxonomy of design methods and system components used to build socially interactive robots. Following this taxonomy, the authors survey the current state of the art, categorized by use and application area. Finally, the authors describe the impact of these these robots on humans and discuss open issues. An abbreviated version of this report, which does not contain the application survey, is available as [ T. Fong, I. Nourbakhsh, K. Dautenhahn, A survey of socially interactive robots, Robotics and Autonomous Systems 

Given that the authors expect social robots to play increasingly larger roles in daily life, there is a strong need for field studies to examine how people behave when robots are introduced into their activities. 

Others important advantages are:• Robots can provide a stimulating and motivating influence that make living conditions or particular treatments more pleasant and endurable, an effect that has particular potential for children or elderly people. 

The measures consist of: scales for rating anthropomorphic and mechanistic dimensions; measures of model richness or certainty; and measures of compliance with a robot’s requests. 

Following their ethic of task-based and contextbased design, Severinson-Eklundh et al. identified two critical communicative needs of a fetch-andcarry robot. 

The creation of compelling anthropomorphic robots is a massive engineering challenge; yet, in the case of both Sony and Honda it is clear that the single largest hurdle involved actuation. 

Through such empowerment, fear or shyness towards technology can be transformed dramatically into interest in exploring technology and even altering its course. 

Aoki et al. contend that studies of rat-like robots will lead to better understanding of human behavior, in the same manner that animal experimentation (especially on rats) does. 

They contend that directed instruction, whereby a human teaches a robot using a carefully engineered feedback and reward mechanism, is constraining and ultimately unable to scale. 

In part, the argument is that in order for a robot to interact with humans as humans do (through gaze, gesture, vocalization, etc.), it must be structurally and functionally similar to a human. 

There is reason to believe that if a robot had a compelling personality, people would be more willing to interact with it and to establish a relationship with it[27,116]. 

Although human-robot communication can occur in many different ways, the authors consider there to be three primary types of dialogue: low-level (pre-linguistic), non-verbal, and natural language.