A taxonomy of ethical ideologies.
01 Jul 1980-Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (American Psychological Association)-Vol. 39, Iss: 1, pp 175-184
About: This article is published in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.The article was published on 1980-07-01. It has received 1375 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Moral disengagement & Taxonomy (general).
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TL;DR: The importance of ethical behavior to an organization has never been more apparent, and in recent years researchers have generated a great deal of knowledge about the management of individual ethical behavior in organizations.
1,405 citations
Cites background from "A taxonomy of ethical ideologies."
...Forsyth (1980) argued that moral judgments are shaped by individuals’ preferences for relativism and idealism....
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...Recently, Aquino, Reed and colleagues have worked to develop a measurable moral identity construct (which is in turn linked to cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes; Aquino & Reed, 2002; Reed & Aquino, 2003; Reed et al., in press). Aquino and Reed, (2002) conceptualize moral identity in terms of the embeddedness of certain characteristically moral traits in ones’ self-concept and behavior....
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TL;DR: This meta-analysis draws from over 30 years of research and multiple literatures to examine individual, moral issue, and organizational environment antecedents of unethical choice, providing empirical support for several foundational theories and painting a clearer picture of relationships characterized by mixed results.
Abstract: As corporate scandals proliferate, practitioners and researchers alike need a cumulative, quantitative understanding of the antecedents associated with unethical decisions in organizations. In this meta-analysis, the authors draw from over 30 years of research and multiple literatures to examine individual ("bad apple"), moral issue ("bad case"), and organizational environment ("bad barrel") antecedents of unethical choice. Findings provide empirical support for several foundational theories and paint a clearer picture of relationships characterized by mixed results. Structural equation modeling revealed the complexity (multidetermined nature) of unethical choice, as well as a need for research that simultaneously examines different sets of antecedents. Moderator analyses unexpectedly uncovered better prediction of unethical behavior than of intention for several variables. This suggests a need to more strongly consider a new "ethical impulse" perspective in addition to the traditional "ethical calculus" perspective. Results serve as a data-based foundation and guide for future theoretical and empirical development in the domain of behavioral ethics.
1,257 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the explanation of negative intergroup attitudes, prejudice, discrimination, and oppression by two basic cognitive-motivational dynamics, namely the competitively driven dominance-power-superiority motivation and threat-driven social control and group defense motivation.
Abstract: Publisher Summary It is noted that prejudice is primarily studied as a group or socially shared phenomenon. However, prejudice can also be viewed as an individual phenomenon in the sense that individuals often seem to differ in their propensity to adopt prejudiced and ethnocentric attitudes. This chapter focuses on the explanation of negative intergroup attitudes, prejudice, discrimination, and oppression by two basic cognitive-motivational dynamics. These dynamics can also have relevance for explaining those social and intergroup attitudes and behaviors associated with resistance to oppression, discrimination, and injustice. The chapter proposes a theoretical model that essentially suggests that prejudiced intergroup attitudes result from two motivational goals in individuals—namely, the competitively driven dominance-power-superiority motivation and threat-driven social control and group defense motivation. These motivational goals are aroused by two main kinds of situational characteristics of intergroup relationships: social and intergroup threat and inequalities in or competition over power and dominance. The model is fundamentally considered motivational as it involves prejudiced social and intergroup attitudes emerging from powerful and basic human motivational goals.
1,089 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of individuals' propensity to morally disengage on a broad range of unethical organizational behaviors was examined, and the power of the propensity to moral disengage to predict multiple types of unethical organisational behavior was demonstrated.
Abstract: We examine the influence of individuals’ propensity to morally disengage on a broad range of unethical organizational behaviors. First, we develop a parsimonious, adult-oriented, valid and reliable measure of an individual’s propensity to morally disengage, and demonstrate the relationship between it and a number of theoretically relevant constructs in its nomological network. Then, in four additional studies spanning laboratory and field settings, we demonstrate the power of the propensity to moral disengage to predict multiple types of unethical organizational behavior. In these studies we demonstrate that the propensity to morally disengage predicts several outcomes (self-reported unethical behavior, a decision to commit fraud, a self-serving decision in the workplace, and co-worker- and supervisor-reported unethical work behaviors) beyond other established individual difference antecedents of unethical organizational behavior, as well as the most closely related extant measure of the construct. We conclude that scholars and practitioners seeking to understand a broad range of undesirable workplace behaviors can benefit from taking an individual’s propensity to morally disengage into account. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
683 citations
Cites background from "A taxonomy of ethical ideologies."
...Forsyth (1980; Schlenker & Forsyth, 1977) described idealism as an individual’s belief that “the ‘right’ action [can] always be obtained” and relativism as the degree to which an individual “rejects universal moral rules . . . when drawing conclusions about moral questions” (Forsyth, 1980: 175–176)....
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...…Aquino, & Duffy, 2010), cognitive moral development (Ambrose, Arnaud, & Schminke, 2008; Greenberg, 2002; Kohlberg, 1969), moral philosophies (Bird, 1996; Forsyth, 1980), empathy (Davis, 1983; Gino & Pierce, 2009), and moral affect (Eisenberg, 2000; Paternoster & Simpson, 1996; Tangney, 1990)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a conceptualization of journalism culture that consists of three essential constituents (institutional roles, epistemologies, and ethical ideologies), further divided into 7 principal dimensions: interventionism, power distance, market orientation, objectivism, empiricism, relativism, and idealism.
Abstract: Despite a large array of work broadly concerned with the cultures of news production, studies rarely attempt to tackle journalism culture and its dimensional structure at the conceptual level The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to propose a theoretical foundation on the basis of which systematic and comparative research of journalism cultures is feasible and meaningful By using a deductive and etic approach, the concept of journalism culture is deconstructed in terms of its constituents and principal dimensions Based on a review of the relevant literature, the article proposes a conceptualization of journalism culture that consists of 3 essential constituents (institutional roles, epistemologies, and ethical ideologies), further divided into 7 principal dimensions: interventionism, power distance, market orientation, objectivism, empiricism, relativism, and idealism
674 citations
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01 Jan 1969
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01 Jun 1958
TL;DR: The social desirability variable in personality assessment and research as discussed by the authors is used in the book lovers, when they need a new book to read, find the book here and never worry not to find what you need.
Abstract: the social desirability variable in personality assessment and research. Book lovers, when you need a new book to read, find the book here. Never worry not to find what you need. Is the the social desirability variable in personality assessment and research your needed book now? That's true; you are really a good reader. This is a perfect book that comes from great author to share with you. The book offers the best experience and lesson to take, not only take, but also learn.
1,666 citations
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01 Jan 1957
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TL;DR: In this article, Schneedwind's lecture notes (selections) and Collins' lecture notes are annotated with the Metaphyscics of Morals, and Vigilantius and Mrongovius's second set of lecture notes.
Abstract: Introduction J. B. Schneedwind Part I. Kant's Practical Philosophy: 1. Herder's lecture notes (selections) Part II. Moral Philosophy: 2. Collins's lecture notes Part III. Morality According to Professor Kant: 3. Mrongovius's second set of lecture notes (selections) Part IV. Kant on the Metaphyscics of Morals: 4. Vigilantius's lecture notes.
702 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigated the relationship between non-sextypical occupational choices (Role Innovation) and background, personality, and college experience of 200 senior college women and found that Role Innovators are more autonomous, individualistic, and motivated by internally imposed demands to perform to capacity.
Abstract: This study of 200 senior college women investigates the relationship between non-sextypical occupational choices (Role Innovation) and background, personality, and college experience. Role Innovators are more autonomous, individualistic, and motivated by internally imposed demands to perform to capacity. Rather than cross-sex identification, there is some evidence of role modeling of more educated working mothers. The Role Innovators' career commitment is greater, yet they have as many romantic and friendship relationships with men as do Traditionais. Faculty and female college friends provide role support, but a supportive boyfriend may be more important at this stage. A four-part typology is suggested in which role modeling and the type of maternal model are related to motivational patterns and occupational choice.
327 citations