A Temporally Based Framework and Taxonomy of Team Processes
Citations
3,009 citations
2,315 citations
2,069 citations
Cites background or methods from "A Temporally Based Framework and Ta..."
...…in a proximal task- or social context that teams in part enact while also being embedded in a larger organization system or environmental context (Arrow et al., 2000; Ilgen et al., 2005; Kozlowski & Bell, 2003; Kozlowski et al., 1999; Kozlowski, Gully, McHugh et al., 1996;Marks et al., 2001)....
[...]
...Allport (1954) described this reciprocal nature of process and structure in terms of ‘‘ongoings,’’ Katz and Kahn (1966) in terms of ‘‘role exchanges,’’ Kozlowski and Klein (2000) in terms of ‘‘emergent phenomena,’’ and Marks et al. (2001) in terms of ‘‘emergent states.’’...
[...]
...Similarly, Marks et al. (2001) suggest creating team rules and norms regarding the nature and timing of conflict, and Tjosvold (1985) suggests developing norms for cooperative versus competitive approaches to conflict resolution (Tjosvold, 1985)....
[...]
...Although team processes are by definition dynamic, they are most typically addressed in static terms—as constructs that emerge over time (i.e., emergent states) as team members interact and the team develops (Kozlowski et al., 1999; Marks et al., 2001)....
[...]
...A Dynamic View of Team Processes and Effectiveness We adopt a more contemporary perspective that has evolved over the last decade, which conceptualizes the team as embedded in a multilevel system that has individual, team, and organizationallevel aspects; which focuses centrally on task-relevant processes; which incorporates temporal dynamics encompassing episodic tasks and developmental progression; and which views team processes and effectiveness as emergent phenomena unfolding in a proximal task- or social context that teams in part enact while also being embedded in a larger organization system or environmental context (Arrow et al., 2000; Ilgen et al., 2005; Kozlowski & Bell, 2003; Kozlowski et al., 1999; Kozlowski, Gully, McHugh et al., 1996;Marks et al., 2001)....
[...]
1,985 citations
Cites background or methods from "A Temporally Based Framework and Ta..."
...Numerous authors have also emphasized that time plays a critical role in team functioning that is not adequately depicted in typical unidirectional I→P→O frameworks (Ancona & Chong, 1999; Marks et al., 2001; McGrath, 1991)....
[...]
...A recent meta-analysis by LePine and colleagues (in press) found support for the implicit hierarchical arrangement of team processes advanced by Marks et al. (2001)....
[...]
...We urge future researchers to link their outcomes to either the developmental stage (Kozlowski et al., 1999) or episodic (Marks et al., 2001) models of group development....
[...]
...Although the work of Marks et al. (2001) provides a convenient taxonomy, not all team processes fall neatly into one of the three higher order dimensions....
[...]
...Building upon this foundation, Marks et al. (2001) developed a taxonomy of processes that included three superordinate categories: transition, action, and interpersonal....
[...]
1,879 citations
Cites background from "A Temporally Based Framework and Ta..."
...…jundtdus@msu.edu Key Words teamwork, workgroup, groups, coordination, cooperation ■ Abstract This review examines research and theory relevant to work groups and teams typically embedded in organizations and existing over time, although many studies reviewed were conducted in other settings,…...
[...]
...Although other team models have eschewed the notion of teams progressing predictably through stages, they also have dealt theoretically with finishing processes, referring to the phase as completion (Gersick 1988), transition (Marks et al. 2001), and metamorphosis (Arrow et al. 2000)....
[...]
...Theories directed at teams/small groups in general (Arrow et al. 2000), adaptive teams (Kozlowski et al. 1999), team process (Marks et al. 2001), or focused on issues of training (Cannon-Bowers & Salas 1998, DeShon et al. 2004), provide excellent frameworks for addressing team behavior....
[...]
...It has also led to a proliferation of processes that often are not very well articulated, as Marks et al. (2001) noticed in their review of team process where the differentiation between team process and resulting states of these processes (emergent states) were often blurred....
[...]
...Marks et al. (2001) developed a temporally based framework and taxonomy of team processes and correctly noted that many constructs presented by researchers trying to invoke the I-P-O model as process are not really process at all, but emergent cognitive or affective states....
[...]
References
8,931 citations
"A Temporally Based Framework and Ta..." refers background in this paper
...A trait is "a relatively enduring characteristic" (Kerlinger, 1986: 453) that has an air of permanency, whereas states are more fluid and more easily influenced by context....
[...]
7,809 citations
5,435 citations
4,468 citations
"A Temporally Based Framework and Ta..." refers background in this paper
...The framework advanced here is designed to explain how time relates to team goal attainment , rather than phases of a team life cycle or development (e.g., Tuckman, 1965)....
[...]
4,052 citations