A terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD)
TL;DR: In this article, an optical nonlinear element asymmetrically placed in a short fiber loop is used for demultiplexing Tb/s pulse trains that requires less than 1 pJ of switching energy and can be integrated on a chip.
Abstract: A device capable of demultiplexing Tb/s pulse trains that requires less than 1 pJ of switching energy and can be integrated on a chip is presented. The device consists of an optical nonlinear element asymmetrically placed in a short fiber loop. Its switching time is determined by the off-center position of the nonlinear element within the loop, and therefore it can use the strong, slow optical nonlinearities found in semiconductors, which all other fast demultiplexers seek to avoid. The switch's operation at 50 Gb/s is demonstrated, using 600-fJ control pulses. >
Citations
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TL;DR: Recent advances in developing nonlinear optical techniques for processing serial digital information at high speed are reviewed and expected to become important in future high-capacity communications networks.
Abstract: Recent advances in developing nonlinear optical techniques for processing serial digital information at high speed are reviewed. The field has been transformed by the advent of semiconductor nonlinear devices capable of operation at 100 gigabits per second and higher, well beyond the current speed limits of commercial electronics. These devices are expected to become important in future high-capacity communications networks by allowing digital regeneration and other processing functions to be performed on data signals “on the fly” in the optical domain.
577 citations
02 Apr 1995
TL;DR: A traffic model for circuit switched all-optical networks (AONs) is introduced which is used to calculate the blocking probability along a path for networks with and without wavelength changers.
Abstract: We introduce a traffic model for circuit switched all-optical networks (AONs) which we then use to calculate the blocking probability along a path for networks with and without wavelength changers. We investigate the effects of path length, switch size, and interference length (the expected number of hops shared by two sessions which share at least one hop) on blocking probability and the ability of wavelength changers to improve performance. Our model correctly predicts unobvious qualitative behavior demonstrated in simulations by other authors.
560 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the progress from simple gates using cross-gain modulation and four-wave mixing to the integrated interferometric gates using a cross-phase modulation is reviewed, which is very efficient for high-speed signal processing and open up interesting new areas, such as all-optical regeneration and high-time logic functions.
Abstract: Semiconductor optical amplifiers are useful building blocks for all-optical gates as wavelength converters and OTDM demultiplexers. The paper reviews the progress from simple gates using cross-gain modulation and four-wave mixing to the integrated interferometric gates using cross-phase modulation. These gates are very efficient for high-speed signal processing and open up interesting new areas, such as all-optical regeneration and high-speed all-optical logic functions.
520 citations
Cites background from "A terahertz optical asymmetric demu..."
...alized from TOADs [43] are found in reports by BT Laboratories....
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...Reports on more complex functions based onXOR gates realized from TOADs [43] are found in reports by BT Laboratories....
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17 Apr 2014
TL;DR: The theory of optical solitons as well as their experimental investigation has progressed rapidly as discussed by the authors, and optical soliton concepts applied to the description of intense electromagnetic beams and ultrashort pulse propagation in various media have contributed much to this field.
Abstract: The investigation of nonlinear wave phenomena has been one of the main direc tions of research in optics for the last few decades. Soliton concepts applied to the description of intense electromagnetic beams and ultrashort pulse propagation in various media have contributed much to this field. The notion of solitons has proved to be very useful in describing wave processes in hydrodynamics, plasma physics and condensed matter physics. Moreover, it is also of great importance in optics for ultrafast information transmission and storage, radiation propagation in resonant media, etc. In 1973, Hasegawa and Tappert made a significant contribution to optical soliton physics when they predicted the existence of an envelope soliton in the regime of short pulses in optical fibres. In 1980, Mollenauer et al. conducted ex periments to elucidate this phenomenon. Since then the theory of optical solitons as well as their experimental investigation has progressed rapidly. The effects of inhomogeneities of the medium and energy pumping on optical solitons, the interaction between optical solitons and their generation in fibres, etc. have all been investigated and reported. Logical devices using optical solitons have been developed; new types of optical solitons in media with Kerr-type nonlinearity and in resonant media have been described.
381 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present detailed investigations on a device, which utilizes a semiconductor laser amplifier in a loop mirror configuration (SLALOM), and different modes of operation are reported like nonlinear single pulse switching and two-pulse switching at different operation speeds (1-100 Gb/s).
Abstract: The processing of optical signals in the optical domain is an important issue resulting from the desire to take advantage of the full bandwidth of the optical fiber. In this paper, we present detailed investigations on a device, which utilizes a semiconductor laser amplifier in a loop mirror configuration (SLALOM). Different modes of operation are reported like nonlinear single pulse switching and two-pulse switching at different operation speeds (1-100 Gb/s). Furthermore, a number of applications of the SLALOM in photonic systems, like pulse shaping, decoding, retiming and time-division demultiplexing, are presented. In addition, the SLALOM can be used for an estimate of the linewidth enhancement factor /spl alpha/ and the carrier lifetime /spl tau//sub e/ in an SLA. >
355 citations
Cites methods from "A terahertz optical asymmetric demu..."
...The demultiplexer application of the SLALOM is based on a work by Sokoloff et al. [ 9 ]....
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...The application of the SLALOM as a fast demultiplexer was first demonstrated by Sokoloff et al. [ 9 ]....
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References
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TL;DR: A nonlinear device based on the nonlinear propagation in a waveguide loop formed by connecting the output ports of a conventional coupler is proposed and has the ability to operate on entire pulses when soliton effects are included.
Abstract: A nonlinear device for ultrafast processing is proposed. This device is based on the nonlinear propagation in a waveguide loop formed by connecting the output ports of a conventional coupler. The device is shown to have potentially useful characteristics for unequal coupling ratios and has the ability to operate on entire pulses when soliton effects are included.
1,006 citations
TL;DR: A novel device arrangement for all-optical switching that permits efficient exploitation of waveguide nonlinearities is discussed, based on a long optical fiber loop mirror with an integral short asymmetrically located optical amplifier.
Abstract: A novel device arrangement for all-optical switching that permits efficient exploitation of waveguide nonlinearities is discussed. It is based on a long optical fiber loop mirror with an integral short asymmetrically located optical amplifier. The device performance is demonstrated by using a Nd3+-doped fiber amplifier. Switching is obtained for peak signal powers of less than 1 W and an amplifier pump power of 10 mW.
454 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, pump-probe measurements on bulk InGaAsP optical amplifiers are compared with numerical calculations based on simplified density matrix equations, and the gain dynamics is well described by the combined effect of carrier heating, spectral hole burning, and two-photon absorption.
Abstract: Pump‐probe measurements on bulk InGaAsP optical amplifiers are compared with numerical calculations based on simplified density matrix equations. We find that the gain dynamics is well described by the combined effect of carrier heating, spectral holeburning, and two‐photon absorption.
189 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the all-fiber nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) is used in the two-wavelength version to show good contrast stable switching of selected pulses from a stream of short pulses.
Abstract: The all fibre nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) is used in the two wavelength version to show good contrast stable switching of selected pulses from a stream of short pulses. The polarisation properties of the device enable operation as a genuine four port demultiplexer.
140 citations
TL;DR: All-optical, ultrafast switching at an energy of 55 pJ in a fiber nonlinear-optICAL loop mirror and the soliton self-frequency shift lowers the peak transmission and splits the output pulse at higher powers, in agreement with numerical simulations.
Abstract: We observe all-optical, ultrafast switching at an energy of ∼55 pJ in a fiber nonlinear-optical loop mirror. The entire 310-fsec soliton waveform switches with 90% peak transmission. The soliton self-frequency shift lowers the peak transmission and splits the output pulse at higher powers, in agreement with numerical simulations.
112 citations