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Proceedings ArticleDOI

A theoretical basis for brain waves with implications for a large scale integration required for cognitive processes

TL;DR: It is conjecture that brain waves can be treated as “Bloch waves” which may provide an important mechanism for a large scale integration required between the constantly interacting areas of the brain.
Abstract: We propose a theoretical framework for EEG and MEG based on transmission line model and cortical network activity. Using known properties of forward and backward propagating waves, an electromagnetic-physiological theory of “brain waves” based on known (but highly idealized) properties of synaptic action has been formulated which could potentially account for some experimental findings as well as can predict several salient features. We conjecture that brain waves can be treated as “Bloch waves” which may provide an important mechanism for a large scale integration required between the constantly interacting areas of the brain.
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Journal ArticleDOI
03 Apr 1996-JAMA
TL;DR: The purpose and scope are presented in an essay by the executive editor in the first issue, as he states, alternative medicine has always existed and should be carefully examined in an unbiased manner.
Abstract: The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine: Research on Paradigm, Practice and Policy, edited by Marc S. Micozzi, quarterly, $89 (individual), $120 (institutional), New York, Mary Ann Liebert, January 1995-. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine is edited by Larry Dossey, MD. Coeditors include Jeanne Achterberg, PhD, from the Saybrook Institute, David Riley, MD, of the University of New Mexico, David Reilly, MB, ChB, from the Glasgow Homeopathic Hospital, and Cathie Guzzetta, RN, PhD, of Parkland Memorial Hospital. The editorial board of this peer-reviewed journal consists primarily of US-based practitioners, with a large advisory board and an international advisory board. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine is published bimonthly with its first issue released in March 1995. The purpose and scope are presented in an essay by the executive editor in the first issue. As he states, alternative medicine has always existed and should be carefully examined in an unbiased

34 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
31 Aug 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, three distinct processes of memory have been identified: an encoding process, a storage process and a retrieval process, which can be understood from the appli- cation of a neurophysiological- electromagnetic theory of "brainwaves".
Abstract: Three distinct processes of memory have been identified. These are an encoding process, a storage process and a retrieval process. In this paper we are suggesting that this information processing theory can be understood from the appli- cation of a neurophysiological- electromagnetic theory of "brainwaves" based on known (but highly idealized) properties of synaptic action and has been formulated with implications for a large scale integration required for cognitive processes.

1 citations


Cites background or methods from "A theoretical basis for brain waves..."

  • ...In this paper we are suggesting that this information processing theory can be understood from the application of a neurophysiologicalelectromagnetic theory of “brainwaves” based on known (but highly idealized) properties of synaptic action and has been formulated with implications for a large scale integration required for cognitive processes[4-7]....

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  • ...The Bloch impedance is different if the terminal planes of the unitary cell are shifted a distance l in the z direction [7,8]....

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  • ...1);in previous papers[4-9] we argued that brain waves can be treated as “Bloch waves” which may provide an important mechanism for a large scale integration required between the constantly interacting areas of the brain....

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  • ...The input impedance at the nth terminal plane is[7,8] tan( ) tan( ) L n L Z jZ N n d Z Z Z jZ N n d β β + − = + −...

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  • ...The resultant plot is the Brillouin diagram[7]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the velocity of the existent soliton wave is identified by considering the transmission line model of protein polarized dendrite as a dielectric waveguide, and the role of neural oscillations and synchrony in information processing is explored.
Abstract: Nowadays, the physical analogy in biology has become a desirable research domain for academics. Here, we discussed many exciting features regarding the biological system that could help us to understand the underlying mechanism inside it. This manuscript focuses on the soliton/Bloch wave concept along with the periodic active protein polarized dendrite. The velocity of the existent soliton wave is identified by considering the transmission line model of protein polarized dendrite as a dielectric waveguide. This paper aims to understand and explore the mechanisms of biological rhythms and the role of neural oscillations and synchrony in information processing.

1 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it is suggested to adjust the frequency windows of alpha and theta for each subject by using individual alpha frequency as an anchor point, based on this procedure, a consistent interpretation of a variety of findings is made possible.

5,613 citations


"A theoretical basis for brain waves..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Recently, the role of brain oscillations in human information processing has been intensively investigated [2-5]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that the most plausible candidate is the formation of dynamic links mediated by synchrony over multiple frequency bands.
Abstract: The emergence of a unified cognitive moment relies on the coordination of scattered mosaics of functionally specialized brain regions. Here we review the mechanisms of large-scale integration that counterbalance the distributed anatomical and functional organization of brain activity to enable the emergence of coherent behaviour and cognition. Although the mechanisms involved in large-scale integration are still largely unknown, we argue that the most plausible candidate is the formation of dynamic links mediated by synchrony over multiple frequency bands.

4,485 citations


"A theoretical basis for brain waves..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The most plausible mechanism for such a large-scale integration is the formation of dynamic links mediated by synchrony over multiple frequency bands [1]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is proposed that simultaneous α-, β- (14–30Hz) and γ- (30–70Hz) frequency band oscillations are required for unified cognitive operations, and hypothesize that cross-frequency phase synchrony between α, β and ι oscillations coordinates the selection and maintenance of neuronal object representations during working memory, perception and consciousness.

1,194 citations


"A theoretical basis for brain waves..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Palva [ 28 ]proposed that simultaneous alpha-, beta- (14- 30 Hz) and gamma- (30-70 Hz) frequency band oscillations are required for unified cognitive operations, and hypothesized that cross-frequency phase synchrony between alpha, beta and gamma oscillations coordinates the selection and maintenance of neuronal object representations during working memory, perception and consciousness....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that a small proportion of patients in a vegetative or minimally conscious state have brain activation reflecting some awareness and cognition, and this technique may be useful in establishing basic communication with patients who appear to be unresponsive.
Abstract: Background The differential diagnosis of disorders of consciousness is challenging. The rate of misdiagnosis is approximately 40%, and new methods are required to complement bedside testing, particularly if the patient’s capacity to show behavioral signs of awareness is diminished. Methods At two major referral centers in Cambridge, United Kingdom, and Liege, Belgium, we performed a study involving 54 patients with disorders of consciousness. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess each patient’s ability to generate willful, neuroanatomically specific, blood-oxygenation-level–dependent responses during two established mental-imagery tasks. A technique was then developed to determine whether such tasks could be used to communicate yes-or-no answers to simple questions. Results Of the 54 patients enrolled in the study, 5 were able to willfully modulate their brain activity. In three of these patients, additional bedside testing revealed some sign of awareness, but in the other two patients, no voluntary behavior could be detected by means of clinical assessment. One patient was able to use our technique to answer yes or no to questions during functional MRI; however, it remained impossible to establish any form of communication at the bedside. Conclusions These results show that a small proportion of patients in a vegetative or minimally conscious state have brain activation reflecting some awareness and cognition. Careful clinical examination will result in reclassification of the state of consciousness in some of these patients. This technique may be useful in establishing basic communication with patients who appear to be unresponsive.

1,152 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that these waves combined to form a single, stable, composite wave when the sounds are repeated at rates around 40 per sec, which suggests that adequate processing of sensory information may require cyclical brain events in the 30- to 50-Hz range.
Abstract: Computer techniques readily extract from the brainwaves an orderly sequence of brain potentials locked in time to sound stimuli. The potentials that appear 8 to 80 msec after the stimulus resemble 3 or 4 cycles of a 40-Hz sine wave; we show here that these waves combined to form a single, stable, composite wave when the sounds are repeated at rates around 40 per sec. This phenomenon, the 40-Hz event-related potential (ERP), displays several properties of theoretical and practical interest. First, it reportedly disappears with surgical anesthesia, and it resembles similar phenomena in the visual and olfactory system, facts which suggest that adequate processing of sensory information may require cyclical brain events in the 30- to 50-Hz range. Second, latency and amplitude measurements on the 40-Hz ERP indicate it may contain useful information on the number and basilar membrane location of the auditory nerve fibers a given tone excites. Third, the response is present at sound intensities very close to normal adult thresholds for the audiometric frequencies, a fact that could have application in clinical hearing testing.

1,094 citations


"A theoretical basis for brain waves..." refers background in this paper

  • ...[20] and [21]) of intriguing correlations between oscillatory activity in the gamma range (30–80Hz) and mental processing....

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