A topology of groups: What GitHub can tell us about online collaboration
TL;DR: A group typology is developed based on the structural properties of the corresponding directed graphs, and how the topology is connected to the repositorys collective identity, hierarchy, productivity, popularity, resilience and stability is analyzed.
About: This article is published in Technological Forecasting and Social Change.The article was published on 2020-12-01 and is currently open access. It has received 16 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Open-source software development & Social computing.
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TL;DR: In this paper , a systematic literature review investigation on virtual conferencing is presented, which identifies 67 key features and 74 obstacles users experience when interacting with VCC technologies from 60 related open-source journal articles from 5 digital library repositories.
Abstract: Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has forced a change in the way people work, and the location that they work from. The impact has caused significant disruption to education, the work environment and how social interactions take place. Online user habits have also changed due to lockdown restrictions and virtual conferencing software has become a vital cog in team communication. In result, a spate in software solutions have emerged in order to support the challenges of remote learning and working. The conferencing software landscape is now a core communication solution for company-wide interaction, team discussions, screen sharing and face-to-face contact. Yet the number of existing platforms is diverse. In this article, a systematic literature review investigation on virtual conferencing is presented. As output from the analysis, 67 key features and 74 obstacles users experience when interacting with virtual conferencing technologies are identified from 60 related open-source journal articles from 5 digital library repositories.
5 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: A novel, extensive sample of public open source project repositories outside of centralized platforms is developed, characterized along a number of dimensions, and compared to a time-matched sample of corresponding GitHub projects.
Abstract: GitHub has become the central online platform for much of open source, hosting most open source code repositories. With this popularity, the public digital traces of GitHub are now a valuable means to study teamwork and collaboration. In many ways, however, GitHub is a convenience sample. We need to assess its representativeness, particularly how GitHub's design may alter the working patterns of its users. Here we develop a novel, extensive sample of public open source project repositories outside of centralized platforms like GitHub. We characterized these projects along a number of dimensions, and compare to a time-matched sample of corresponding GitHub projects. Compared to GitHub, these projects tend to have more collaborators, are maintained for longer periods, and tend to be more focused on academic and scientific problems.
5 citations
Cites background or result from "A topology of groups: What GitHub c..."
...More interestingly, it is also found that GitHub tends to show extremely low level of reprocity in actual social connections [16] and a high level of hierarchical often star-like groups [24]....
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...These studies tend to offer results showing analogies between GitHub collaborations and more classic online social networks, such as modular structure [24] and heterogeneous distributions of collaborators per individual driven by rich-get-richer effects [2, 16]....
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TL;DR: A systematic literature review of the publications in leading bibliographic and citation bases, starting from Web of Science and Scopus to SpringerLink, IEEE Xplore and Association for Information Systems eLibrary is presented in this paper .
Abstract: There have been a significant number of publications about digital workplace transformation. This is due to technological developments in the last decades as well as the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is no adequate overall definition of the term. This leads to misunderstandings and confused interpretation of the digital workplace, sometimes even narrowing it down to a set of tools or a platform. Given the complexity of digital workplace transformation, there is a need to have an integrated prospective and analyze it not just from a technological perspective, but from an organizational and processes point of view as well. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to review the concept and offer a comprehensive definition of the digital workplace. This includes all the important aspects of the transformation including tools and platforms as well as personal issues, organization, processes and management. The paper provides a systematic literature review of the publications in leading bibliographic and citation bases, starting from Web of Science and Scopus to SpringerLink, IEEE Xplore and Association for Information Systems eLibrary. The review includes not only journal papers, but also leading proceedings, books and other referent publications. It addresses the authors' approaches, perspectives, terminologies, focusses and understanding of workplace transformation over the last decade by a comprehensive review of the state of art of the literature in the field of digital workplace. Finally, a set of recommendations are made to further research in increasingly important subject of digital workplace transformation.
4 citations
08 Jan 2021
TL;DR: The proposed OntoGitHubSearch is a search model that allows the retrieval and classification of software architectures stored on GitHub that implements the domainspecific ontology Architecture Ontology Version 2.0 and a natural language processing module to analyze the text in the repository.
Abstract: However, searching for software components on GitHub is currently inefficient, as searches are based on text strings. This paper introduces OntoGitHubSearch as a search model that allows the retrieval and classification of software architectures stored on GitHub. This proposed model retrieves all repositories that match the searched architectural concepts; to provide the search with semantics and context, it implements the domainspecific ontology Architecture Ontology Version 2.0, as well as a natural language processing module to analyze the text in the repository. The repositories are automatically identified and classified according to the text and concepts found in their descriptions. To evaluate the proposed model, we developed a web application called WebOntoGitHubSearch, which allows interaction with users during the search process. The evaluation of the model was carried out with the participation of software developers and architects from several colombian businesses. Information retrieval metrics such as Precision at k. The results obtained during the evaluation process are promising and allow verifying the effectiveness of the proposed model.
3 citations
TL;DR: McGregor et al. as mentioned in this paper combined qualitative strategies and quantitative methods of text and network analysis in a case study examining belief networks about participation and found that there was substantially higher intersubjective agreement in the text-based CAMs than in the free CAMs.
Abstract: Belief systems matter for all kinds of human social interaction. People have individual cognitions and feelings concerning processes in their environment, which is why they may evaluate them differently. Belief systems can be visualized with cognitive-affective maps (CAMs; as reported by Thagard (in: McGregor (ed) EMPATHICA: A computer support system with visual representations for cognitive-affective mapping, AAAI Press, CA, 2010)). However, it is unclear whether CAMs can be constructed in an intersubjective way by different researchers attempting to map the beliefs of a third party based on qualitative text data. To scrutinize this question, we combined qualitative strategies and quantitative methods of text and network analysis in a case study examining belief networks about participation. Our data set consists of 10 sets of two empirical CAMs: the first CAM was created based on participants’ freely associating concepts related to participation in education (N = 10), the second one was created based on given text data which the participants represented as a CAM following a standardized instruction manual (N = 10). Both CAM-types were compared along three dimensions of similarity (network similarity, concept association similarity, affective similarity). On all dimensions of similarity, there was substantially higher intersubjective agreement in the text-based CAMs than in the free CAMs, supporting the viability of cognitive affective mapping as an intersubjective research method for studying the emotional coherence of belief systems and discursive knowledge. In addition, this study highlights the potential for identifying group-level differences based on how participants associate concepts.
2 citations
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01 Jan 1990TL;DR: In this paper, an institutional approach to the study of self-organization and self-governance in CPR situations is presented, along with a framework for analysis of selforganizing and selfgoverning CPRs.
Abstract: Preface 1. Reflections on the commons 2. An institutional approach to the study of self-organization and self-governance in CPR situations 3. Analyzing long-enduring, self-organized and self-governed CPRs 4. Analyzing institutional change 5. Analyzing institutional failures and fragilities 6. A framework for analysis of self-organizing and self-governing CPRs Notes References Index.
16,852 citations
TL;DR: This article proposes a method for detecting communities, built around the idea of using centrality indices to find community boundaries, and tests it on computer-generated and real-world graphs whose community structure is already known and finds that the method detects this known structure with high sensitivity and reliability.
Abstract: A number of recent studies have focused on the statistical properties of networked systems such as social networks and the Worldwide Web. Researchers have concentrated particularly on a few properties that seem to be common to many networks: the small-world property, power-law degree distributions, and network transitivity. In this article, we highlight another property that is found in many networks, the property of community structure, in which network nodes are joined together in tightly knit groups, between which there are only looser connections. We propose a method for detecting such communities, built around the idea of using centrality indices to find community boundaries. We test our method on computer-generated and real-world graphs whose community structure is already known and find that the method detects this known structure with high sensitivity and reliability. We also apply the method to two networks whose community structure is not well known—a collaboration network and a food web—and find that it detects significant and informative community divisions in both cases.
14,429 citations
TL;DR: This work proposes a heuristic method that is shown to outperform all other known community detection methods in terms of computation time and the quality of the communities detected is very good, as measured by the so-called modularity.
Abstract: We propose a simple method to extract the community structure of large networks. Our method is a heuristic method that is based on modularity optimization. It is shown to outperform all other known community detection method in terms of computation time. Moreover, the quality of the communities detected is very good, as measured by the so-called modularity. This is shown first by identifying language communities in a Belgian mobile phone network of 2.6 million customers and by analyzing a web graph of 118 million nodes and more than one billion links. The accuracy of our algorithm is also verified on ad-hoc modular networks. .
13,519 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a simple method to extract the community structure of large networks based on modularity optimization, which is shown to outperform all other known community detection methods in terms of computation time.
Abstract: We propose a simple method to extract the community structure of large networks. Our method is a heuristic method that is based on modularity optimization. It is shown to outperform all other known community detection methods in terms of computation time. Moreover, the quality of the communities detected is very good, as measured by the so-called modularity. This is shown first by identifying language communities in a Belgian mobile phone network of 2 million customers and by analysing a web graph of 118 million nodes and more than one billion links. The accuracy of our algorithm is also verified on ad hoc modular networks.
11,078 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Frame alignment, of one variety or another, is a necessary condition for participation, whatever its nature or intensity, and that it is typically an interactional and ongoing accomplishment.
Abstract: This paper attempts to further theoretical and empirical understanding of adherent and constituent mobilization by proposing and analyzing frame alignment as a conceptual bridge linking social psychological and resource mobilization views on movement participation. Extension of Goffinan's (1974) frame analytic perspective provides the conceptualltheoretical framework; field research on two religious movements, the peace movement, and several neighborhood movements provide the primary empirical base. Four frame alignment processes are identified and elaborated: frame bridging, frame amplification, frame extension, and frame transformation. The basic underlying premise is that frame alignment, of one variety or another, is a necessary condition for participation, whatever its nature or intensity, and that it is typically an interactional and ongoing accomplishment. The paper concludes with an elaboration of several sets of theoretical and research implications.
5,347 citations