Book•
A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism
01 Jan 1873-
TL;DR: The most influential nineteenth-century scientist for twentieth-century physics, James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) demonstrated that electricity, magnetism and light are all manifestations of the same phenomenon: the electromagnetic field as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Arguably the most influential nineteenth-century scientist for twentieth-century physics, James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) demonstrated that electricity, magnetism and light are all manifestations of the same phenomenon: the electromagnetic field. A fellow of Trinity College Cambridge, Maxwell became, in 1871, the first Cavendish Professor of Physics at Cambridge. His famous equations - a set of four partial differential equations that relate the electric and magnetic fields to their sources, charge density and current density - first appeared in fully developed form in his 1873 Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. This two-volume textbook brought together all the experimental and theoretical advances in the field of electricity and magnetism known at the time, and provided a methodical and graduated introduction to electromagnetic theory. Volume 2 covers magnetism and electromagnetism, including the electromagnetic theory of light, the theory of magnetic action on light, and the electric theory of magnetism.
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25 May 1984TL;DR: An overview of diffusion and separation processes brings unsurpassed, engaging clarity to this complex topic as mentioned in this paper, which is a key part of the undergraduate chemical engineering curriculum and at the core of understanding chemical purification and reaction engineering.
Abstract: This overview of diffusion and separation processes brings unsurpassed, engaging clarity to this complex topic. Diffusion is a key part of the undergraduate chemical engineering curriculum and at the core of understanding chemical purification and reaction engineering. This spontaneous mixing process is also central to our daily lives, with importance in phenomena as diverse as the dispersal of pollutants to digestion in the small intestine. For students, Diffusion goes from the basics of mass transfer and diffusion itself, with strong support through worked examples and a range of student questions. It also takes the reader right through to the cutting edge of our understanding, and the new examples in this third edition will appeal to professional scientists and engineers. Retaining the trademark enthusiastic style, the broad coverage now extends to biology and medicine.
5,195 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, the Moore of the Moore-Penrose Inverse is described as a generalized inverse of a linear operator between Hilbert spaces, and a spectral theory for rectangular matrices is proposed.
Abstract: * Glossary of notation * Introduction * Preliminaries * Existence and Construction of Generalized Inverses * Linear Systems and Characterization of Generalized Inverses * Minimal Properties of Generalized Inverses * Spectral Generalized Inverses * Generalized Inverses of Partitioned Matrices * A Spectral Theory for Rectangular Matrices * Computational Aspects of Generalized Inverses * Miscellaneous Applications * Generalized Inverses of Linear Operators between Hilbert Spaces * Appendix A: The Moore of the Moore-Penrose Inverse * Bibliography * Subject Index * Author Index
3,937 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that a "nanofluid" consisting of copper nanometer-sized particles dispersed in ethylene glycol has a much higher effective thermal conductivity than either pure or pure glycol or even polyethylene glycol containing the same volume fraction of dispersed oxide nanoparticles.
Abstract: It is shown that a “nanofluid” consisting of copper nanometer-sized particles dispersed in ethylene glycol has a much higher effective thermal conductivity than either pure ethylene glycol or ethylene glycol containing the same volume fraction of dispersed oxide nanoparticles. The effective thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol is shown to be increased by up to 40% for a nanofluid consisting of ethylene glycol containing approximately 0.3 vol % Cu nanoparticles of mean diameter <10 nm. The results are anomalous based on previous theoretical calculations that had predicted a strong effect of particle shape on effective nanofluid thermal conductivity, but no effect of either particle size or particle thermal conductivity.
3,551 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a transient hot-wire method was used to measure the thermal conductivity of a small amount of nanoparticles and the experimental results showed that these nanoparticles have substantially higher thermal conductivities than the same liquids without nanoparticles.
Abstract: Oxide nanofluids were produced and their thermal conductivities were measured by a transient hot-wire method. The experimental results show that these nanofluids, containing a small amount of nanoparticles, have substantially higher thermal conductivities than the same liquids without nanoparticles. Comparisons between experiments and the Hamilton and Crosser model show that the model can predict the thermal conductivity of nanofluids containing large agglomerated Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} particles. However, the model appears to be inadequate for nanofluids containing CuO particles. This suggests that not only particle shape but size is considered to be dominant in enhancing the thermal conductivity of nanofluids.
2,811 citations