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A Tripolar century: USA, China and India
01 Mar 2005-Research Papers in Economics (New Delhi: Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER))-
About: This article is published in Research Papers in Economics.The article was published on 2005-03-01 and is currently open access. It has received 19 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: China.
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2,927 citations
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01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: The seeker after the truth is not one who studies the writings of the ancients and, following his natural disposition, puts his trust in them, but rather, one who suspects his faith in them and questions what he gathers from them, the one who submits to argument and demonstration, and not to the sayings of a human being whose nature is fraught with all kinds of imperfection and deformation as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Therefore, the seeker after the truth is not one who studies the writings of the ancients and, following his natural disposition, puts his trust in them, but rather the one who suspects his faith in them and questions what he gathers from them, the one who submits to argument and demonstration, and not to the sayings of a human being whose nature is fraught with all kinds of imperfection and de‹ciency. Thus the duty of the man who investigates the writings of scientists, if learning the truth is his goal, is to make himself the enemy of all that he reads, and, applying his mind to the core and margins of its content, attack it from every side. He should also suspect himself as he performs his critical examination of it, so that he may avoid falling into either prejudice or leniency. (Ibn al-Haytham)1
512 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the rapidly deepening bilateral India-China economic relationship and show that India is effectively a lagged version of China, and the two have to be considered a joint global presence.
Abstract: In this paper we focus on the rapidly deepening bilateral India-China economic relationship. Each is deeply integrating into the global economy through trade and FDI inflows, China is seen as primarily manufacturing-lead growth with India as service-lead growth (see Rodrick & Subramanian (2006)). An alternative view is that India is effectively a lagged version of China, and the two have to be considered a joint global presence. India and China are thus viewed in the literature in different comparative mode. That their bilateral closeness is deepening is evident in a number of areas. On the trade front, India-China bilateral trade has increased by a factor of 33 between 1995 and 2007, and this growth has occurred at an accelerating rate. This compares with a 7 fold increase in the China’s overall trade this period. With bilateral FDI the increase is even more dramatic, around 90 fold over the same period, but admittedly from a small base. And while strategic issues remain between India and China since they are complicated by the relationships of each other with Pakistan, on bilateral economic policy coordination there has also been considerable joint movement towards joint positions. There has been a feasibility study for a possible India-China FTA. They have also jointly agreed a bilateral pact on climate policy underpinning their joint negotiating stance in Copenhagen in 2009 on a post Kyoto global climate regime; and in international forums such as the WTO (and specifically in the Doha Round) both countries have supported each others’ positions, and especially so in key meetings such as in July 2008 in Geneva.
78 citations
TL;DR: The bibliometric analyses show that both publications and knowledge topics exhibit significant rise, and China has exceeded the USA and developed into the largest scientific producer after 2010.
Abstract: In this paper, we make use of keywords in scientific articles in solar energy during the period 2000---2013 to investigate scientific relatedness at the topic level (i.e. relatedness between topic and topic) and the country level (i.e. relatedness between topic and country). The bibliometric analyses show that both publications and knowledge topics exhibit significant rise, and China has exceeded the USA and developed into the largest scientific producer after 2010. We determine the degree of relatedness by means of the topics co-occurrence network and explore the evolving dynamic processes of scientific relatedness which indicates decreasing patterns in the two countries. The results also highlight differences between the research directions in the USA and China: in the USA "energy efficiency and environment" prove more developed, while in China "solar power" shows more central. This study assesses the extent to which the scientific relatedness exerts influence on the literature productivity at the country level. We find negative relationships between scientific relatedness and publications in both of countries. Our work has potential implications for the future policies with respect to the innovative research in the solar energy field.
22 citations
Cites background from "A Tripolar century: USA, China and ..."
...Some scholars considered that China’s economy will be equal with that of the USA in size in about 10 years (Virmani 2005)....
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TL;DR: In recent months, Indian firms have made a number of high-profile, multi-billion dollar acquisitions in Europe and North America as discussed by the authors, and India's elite are brimming with confidence, indeed almost hubris, about India's economic accomplishments and future potential.
Abstract: At the end of the 1972 Hollywood political comedy The Candidate, Robert Redford—in the role of Bill McKay, the telegenic but politically vacuous senatorial candidate—turns to his campaign manager after winning a seat in the U.S. Senate and says, “What do we do now?” India’s situation is not entirely dissimilar. After having long campaigned to be taken seriously in the global order, India has finally arrived. Now its leadership is unclear about what exactly it wants from the world and what it needs to do going forward. However, unlike the comic hint of doom in McKay’s closing line, India’s elite are brimming with confidence, indeed almost hubris, about India’s economic accomplishments and future potential. According to Kamal Nath, India’s commerce and industry minister, “We no longer discuss the future of India: we say ‘the future is India.’” 1 This exaggerated self-confidence is largely a result of India’s booming economy. In recent months, Indian firms have made a number of high-profile, multi-billion dollar acquisitions in Europe and North America. In early 2007, Tata Steel acquired the Anglo-Dutch steelmaker Corus and the Indian aluminum firm Hindalco acquired its U.S.-Canadian rival, Novelis. India’s auto industries are also making their global presence felt. Tata Motors has already acquired the South Korean firm Daewoo’s truck making unit and is now poised to expand into Latin America in partnership with Italy’s Fiat. Another Indian firm, Mahindra and Mahindra, is already selling tractors in Texas. India’s pharmaceutical firms have also embarked on an aggressive global expansion. Last year, Gurgaon-based Ranbaxy made a number of acquisitions in Europe, the United States, and Africa and is now eyeing Germany’s Merck Generics. Likewise, Hyderabad-based Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories has already acquired the German drugmaker Betapharm. Indian pharmaceutical companies have more applications for patents pending with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration than any other country. India’s low-cost, but world-class, private medical facilities have already made it a preferred destination for high-end medical treatment. In 2004, India
16 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1979
7,932 citations
"A Tripolar century: USA, China and ..." refers background in this paper
...State power is the “extent that (one) effects others more than they affect [one]”[Waltz (1979)]....
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Book•
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: Fukuyama as mentioned in this paper identifies two powerful forces guiding our actions: the logic of desire (the rational economic process); and the desire for recognition, which he describes as the very motor of history.
Abstract: Fukuyama considers whether or not there is a direction to the history of mankind. He identifies two powerful forces guiding our actions: the logic of desire (the rational economic process); and the desire for recognition, which he describes as the very motor of history.
7,215 citations
2,927 citations
Book•
01 Apr 1999
TL;DR: The Global Transformations (GTL) project as discussed by the authors is the product of almost a decade's work by a research team (based at the Open University and supported by the ESRC) who have produced what James. N. Rosenau has called the definitive work on globalization.
Abstract: Undoubtedly one of the highlights of the 1999 Conference was the plenary session in which Professors David Held and Mahdi Elmandjra came together to discuss the theme of ‘“Globalization”: Democracy and Diversity’. The Conference also witnessed the launch of Global Transformations (Polity Press, 1999), at which David Held was joined by two of his three coauthors, Professor Anthony McGrew and Dr Jonathan Perraton. Global Transformations is the product of almost a decade’s work by a research team (based at the Open University and supported by the ESRC) who have produced what James. N. Rosenau has called ‘the definitive work on globalization’. It is a study which not only synthesises an extraordinary amount of information from research on globalization in a range of social science disciplines, but also makes its own distinctive contribution to our understanding of the complex range of forces which are reshaping the world order. We are delighted to be able to reproduce here an ‘executive summary’ of Global Transformations that summarises the major findings of this 500-page survey in just six thousand words.
2,755 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1977TL;DR: The Politics of Oceans and money: Historical Overview as mentioned in this paper is an overview of international rule-making in oceans and money, with a focus on the United States and its relationship with Canada and Australia.
Abstract: I. UNDERSTANDING INTERDEPENDENCE. Interdependence in World Politics. Realism and Complex Interdependence. Explaining International Regime Change. II. REGIME CHANGE IN OCEANS AND MONEY. The Politics of Oceans and Money: Historical Overview. Complex Interdependence in Oceans and Money. The Politics Of Rule-Making in Oceans and Money. III. REGIMES AND TWO BILATERAL RELATIONSHIPS. United States Relations With Canada And Australia. IV. THE UNITED STATES AND COMPLEX INTERDEPENDENCE. Coping With Interdependence. V. SECOND THOUGHTS ON THEORY AND POLICY. Afterword. "Two Cheers for Multilateralism."
2,262 citations
"A Tripolar century: USA, China and ..." refers background in this paper
...For soft power see Keohane & Nye (1977), Nye(1990) and Held et al (1999)....
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