Journal ArticleDOI
A Typology of Bilingual Education
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TLDR
In this article, the authors propose a typology for planning and research in bilingual education, based on the use of two or more languages in the entire learning environment (structured and unstructured) is the basis of this typology.Abstract:
What is needed for planning and research in bilingual education is not more and better definitions but a simple and complete typology based on the only common denominator—the use of two or more languages. The distribution of these languages throughout the entire learning environment (structured and unstructured) is the basis of this typology. The languages are distributed in time and space (home-school-area-nation). This distribution generates a number of basic patterns. The structured distribution within the school covering a given length of the schooling time produces curriculum patterns based on: medium (single vs. dual) maintenance, transfer (acculturation vs. irredentism) and transition (gradual vs. abrupt). Each of these patterns exists in two sorts of relationships—the school-home relation and the school-environment (area and nation) relation. Five types of school-home relation and nine types of school-environment relation, coupled with the curriculum patterns, cover all theoretically possible types. This would provide a framework within which measurements of the status and function of the languages used and of the distance between them would facilitate planning, research, and comparison.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
A Meta-Analysis of Selected Studies on the Effectiveness of Bilingual Education
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of selected studies on the efficacy of bilingual education was conducted and the results were compared with a traditional review of the same literature as discussed by the authors, showing that participation in bilingual education programs consistently produced small to moderate differences favoring bilingual education for tests of reading, language skills, mathematics, and total achievement when the tests were in English, and for reading and language, language, mathematics and writing, social studies, listening comprehension, and attitudes toward school or self when they were in other languages.
Theory and Practice in Language Studies
TL;DR: In this article, the problems in teaching tenses to Turkish students at university level in Turkey have been studied and most frequently occurred errors have been listed and they have been analyzed in detail, which revealed that the reasons for these errors mostly derive from mother tongue interference and lack of adequate linguistic background.
Book ChapterDOI
Bilingualism, Education and the Regulation of Access to Language Resources
TL;DR: For well over half a century, questions such as these have surfaced over and over again in public debates about language in education in bilingual and multilingual settings as mentioned in this paper, in relation to very different forms of language education provision, in very different historical conditions.
Book
Rethinking Bilingual Education in Postcolonial Contexts
TL;DR: The research sites: Communities, Schools, and Classrooms as mentioned in this paper were identified as communities, schools and classrooms in Mozambique, where bilingual education and socio-economic mobility were studied.