Journal ArticleDOI
A validation study of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in different groups of Dutch subjects
Ph. Spinhoven,Johan Ormel,P. P. A. Sloekers,Gertrudis I. J. M. Kempen,Anne E. M. Speckens,A.M. van Hemert +5 more
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TLDR
The moderate PPV suggests that the HADS is best used as a screening questionnaire and not as a 'case-identifier' for psychiatric disorder or depression.Abstract:
Background. Research on the dimensional structure and reliability of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and its relationship with age is scarce. Moreover, its ecacy in determining the presence of depression in dierent patient groups has been questioned. Methods. Psychometric properties of the HADS were assessed in six dierent groups of Dutch subjects (N fl 6165): (1) a random sample of younger adults (age 18‐65 years) (N fl 199); (2) a random sample of elderly subjects of 57 to 65 years of age (N fl 1901); (3) a random sample of elderly subjects of 66 years or older (N fl 3293); (4) a sample of consecutive general practice patients (N fl 112); (5) a sample of consecutive general medical out-patients with unexplained somatic symptoms (N fl 169); and (6) a sample of consecutive psychiatric out-patients (N fl 491). Results. Evidence for a two-factor solution corresponding to the original two subscales of the HADS was found, although anxiety and depression subscales were strongly correlated. Homogeneity and test‐retest reliability of the total scale and the subscales were good. The dimensional structure and reliability of the HADS was stable across medical settings and age groups. The correlations between HADS scores and age were small. The total HADS scale showed a better balance between sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) in identifying cases of psychiatric disorder as defined by the Present State Examination than the depression subscale in identifying cases of unipolar depression as defined by ICD-8. Conclusions. The moderate PPV suggests that the HADS is best used as a screening questionnaire and not as a ‘case-identifier’ for psychiatric disorder or depression.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: An updated literature review
TL;DR: HADS was found to perform well in assessing the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression in both somatic, psychiatric and primary care patients and in the general population.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative validity of three screening questionnaires for DSM-IV depressive disorders and physicians' diagnoses.
Bernd Löwe,Robert L. Spitzer,Kerstin Gräfe,Kurt Kroenke,Andrea Quenter,Stephan Zipfel,Christine Buchholz,Steffen Witte,Wolfgang Herzog +8 more
TL;DR: All three questionnaires performed well in depression screening, but significant differences in criterion validity existed; these results may be helpful in the selection of questionnaires and cut-off points.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale: factor structure, item analyses and internal consistency in a large population.
TL;DR: Based on data from a large population, the basic psychometric properties of the HAD scale as a self-rating instrument should be considered as quite good in terms of factor structure, intercorrelation, homogeneity and internal consistency.
Journal ArticleDOI
European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Guidelines for Post-resuscitation Care 2015: Section 5 of the European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015.
Jerry P. Nolan,Jasmeet Soar,Alain Cariou,Tobias Cronberg,Véronique Moulaert,Charles D. Deakin,Bernd W. Böttiger,Hans Friberg,Kjetil Sunde,Claudio Sandroni +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the state of the art in the field of anaesthesia and intensive care medicine at the University of Oslo and the Norwegian Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine at the Norwegian National Institute of Emergencies and Critical Care.
References
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Book
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TL;DR: The concepts of power analysis are discussed in this paper, where Chi-square Tests for Goodness of Fit and Contingency Tables, t-Test for Means, and Sign Test are used.
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TL;DR: The Mini-Mental State (MMS) as mentioned in this paper is a simplified version of the standard WAIS with eleven questions and requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
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A. S. Zigmond,R. P. Snaith +1 more
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