A virtual prototyping system for rapid product development
TL;DR: A virtual prototyping system that integrates virtual reality with rapid prototyping (RP) to create virtual or digital prototypes to facilitate product development and key control parameters of an RP process may be effectively tuned up for optimal fabrication of physical prototypes in subsequent product development.
Abstract: This paper describes a virtual prototyping (VP) system that integrates virtual reality with rapid prototyping (RP) to create virtual or digital prototypes to facilitate product development. The proposed VP system incorporates two new simulation methodologies, namely the dexel-based and the layer-based fabrication approaches, to simulate the powder-based and the laminated sheet-based RP processes, respectively. The dexel-based approach deposits arrays of solid strips to form a layer, while the layer-based approach directly forms a complete layer by extruding the slice contours. The layer is subsequently stacked up to fabricate a virtual prototype. The simulation approaches resemble the physical fabrication processes of most RP systems, and are therefore capable of accurately representing the geometrical characteristics of prototypes. In addition to numerical quantification of the simulation results, the system also provides stereoscopic visualisation of the product design and its prototype for detailed analyses. Indeed, the original product design may be superimposed on its virtual prototype, so that areas with dimensional errors beyond design limits may be clearly highlighted to facilitate point-to-point analysis of the surface texture and the dimensional accuracy of the prototype. Hence, the key control parameters of an RP process, such as part orientation, layer thickness and hatch space, may be effectively tuned up for optimal fabrication of physical prototypes in subsequent product development. Furthermore, the virtual prototypes can be transmitted via the Internet to customers to facilitate global manufacturing. As a result, both the lead-time and the product development costs can be significantly reduced.
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TL;DR: Augmented reality (AR) is a novel human-machine interaction that overlays virtual computer-generated information on a real world environment as discussed by the authors, which has found good potential applications in many fields, such as military training, surgery, entertainment, maintenance, assembly, product design and other manufacturing operations.
Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) is a novel human–machine interaction that overlays virtual computer-generated information on a real world environment. It has found good potential applications in many fields, such as military training, surgery, entertainment, maintenance, assembly, product design and other manufacturing operations in the last ten years. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of developed and demonstrated AR applications in manufacturing activities. The intention of this survey is to provide researchers, students, and engineers, who use or plan to use AR as a tool in manufacturing research, a useful insight on the state-of-the-art AR applications and developments.
304 citations
Cites background from "A virtual prototyping system for ra..."
...1997 ) and product development (Klaus 1998 , Choi and Chan 2004 )....
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...…such as planning and design (Jayaram et al. 2004), operations (Mersinger and Westkamper 2002), machining (Anders et al. 2005c), training (Kiran et al. 2003), maintenance (van Houten and Kimura 2000), assembly (Jayaram et al. 1997) and product development (Klaus 1998, Choi and Chan 2004)....
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TL;DR: A narrative review aims to evaluate the different streams of computer-aided manufacturing in prosthodontics and finds that the subtractive method may be more suitable for the production of intraoral prostheses where high occlusal forces are anticipated.
Abstract: In prosthodontics, conventional methods of fabrication of oral and facial prostheses have been considered the gold standard for many years. The development of computer-aided manufacturing and the medical application of this industrial technology have provided an alternative way of fabricating oral and facial prostheses. This narrative review aims to evaluate the different streams of computer-aided manufacturing in prosthodontics. To date, there are two streams: the subtractive and the additive approaches. The differences reside in the processing protocols, materials used, and their respective accuracy. In general, there is a tendency for the subtractive method to provide more homogeneous objects with acceptable accuracy that may be more suitable for the production of intraoral prostheses where high occlusal forces are anticipated. Additive manufacturing methods have the ability to produce large workpieces with significant surface variation and competitive accuracy. Such advantages make them ideal for the fabrication of facial prostheses.
238 citations
Cites background or methods from "A virtual prototyping system for ra..."
...Similar to the subtractive systems, a form of CNC machine is used with a processing head that moves in two axes (x- and z-axes) and the specimen platform or the processing head moves in the vertical axis (y-axis) [110, 111]....
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...Such stepping adversely affects the surface texture and the overall dimensional accuracy of the workpiece [110], which could be a problem clinically if the prosthesis is not polished or veneered [22, 31] (Figure 7)....
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...The thinner the layers and the narrower the curing beam, the more accurate the final product; however, increasing the number of layers and reducing the diameter of the beam will exponentially increase the fabrication time [110, 112, 113]....
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...However, due to the production procedure, which involves sequential layering, the external surface tends to have stepped and coarse morphology representing each fabrication layer along the construction direction [110]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a virtual prototyping system called the Construction Virtual Prototyping (CVP) system, which is developed for modeling, simulation, analysis and VP of construction processes from digital design.
171 citations
Cites background from "A virtual prototyping system for ra..."
...Keywords: Construction process planning; 3D model; Simulation; Virtual prototyping...
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TL;DR: In this paper, an energy and material consumption model of the Binder-Jetting (BJ) process is presented and validated by experimental data to provide LCI data for further Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of BJ processes.
151 citations
Cites background from "A virtual prototyping system for ra..."
...Choi and Chan [11] studied a virtual prototype system with RP technology....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the surface roughness of layered manufacturing (LM) processes is predicted in advance, and a roughness distribution expression for all surface angles is introduced using measured roughness data and interpolation.
150 citations
References
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TL;DR: There are many different rapid prototyping (RP) technologies available as discussed by the authors, and a taxonomy is also suggested, along with a preliminary guide to process selection based on the end use of the prototype.
Abstract: Until recently, prototypes had to be constructed by skilled model makers from 2D engineering drawings. This is a time-consuming and expensive process. With the advent of new layer manufacturing and CAD/CAM technologies, prototypes may now be rapidly produced from 3D computer models. There are many different rapid prototyping (RP) technologies available. This paper presents an overview of the current technologies and comments on their strengths and weaknesses. Data are given for common process parameters such as layer thickness, system accuracy and speed of operation. A taxonomy is also suggested, along with a preliminary guide to process selection based on the end use of the prototype.
865 citations
TL;DR: The principles and the features of the main RP&M technologies and applications are presented and some existing problems and research issues on these new technologies are introduced.
Abstract: Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing (RP&M) technologies have emerged for quickly creating 3D products directly from computer-aided design systems. These technologies significantly improve the present prototyping practices in industry. This paper reviews the main technologies and applications of RP&M. The principles and the features of those RP&M technologies are presented. Some existing problems and research issues on these new technologies are introduced. We also include two current research and application examples in using rapid prototyping for further illustration.
574 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents a research effort aimed at creating a virtual assembly design environment that combines 3D computer graphics with advanced input and output devices for design for assembly.
Abstract: Virtual reality is a technology which is often regarded as a natural extension to 3D computer graphics with advanced input and output devices. This technology has only recently matured enough to warrant serious engineering applications. The integration of this new technology with software systems for engineering, design, and manufacturing will provide a new boost to the field of computer-aided engineering. One aspect of design and manufacturing which may be significantly affected by virtual reality is design for assembly. This paper presents a research effort aimed at creating a virtual assembly design environment.
418 citations
31 Aug 1986
TL;DR: The real-time shaded display of a solid model being milled by a cutting tool following an NC path is attained by the image-space Boolean subtraction of solid objects.
Abstract: The real-time shaded display of a solid model being milled by a cutting tool following an NC path is attained by the image-space Boolean subtraction of solid objects. The technique is suitable for implementation in microcode in a raster graphic display processor. Update rates of 10 cutting operations per second are typical.
267 citations
TL;DR: A Virtual Reality (VR) system for modelling and optimisation of Rapid Prototyping (RP) processes, which aims to reduce the manufacturing risks of prototypes early in a product development cycle, and hence, reduces the number of costly design-build-test cycles.
139 citations