A zonal congestion management approach using real and reactive power rescheduling
TL;DR: In this article, a new zonal/cluster-based congestion management approach has been proposed, where the zones have been determined based on lines real and reactive power flow sensitivity indexes also called as real/reactive transmission congestion distribution factors, and generators in the most sensitive zones, with strongest and nonuniform distribution of sensitivity indexes, are identified for rescheduling their real power output for congestion management.
Abstract: In a deregulated electricity market, it may always not be possible to dispatch all of the contracted power transactions due to congestion of the transmission corridors. System operators try to manage congestion, which otherwise increases the cost of the electricity and also threatens the system security and stability. In this paper, a new zonal/cluster-based congestion management approach has been proposed. The zones have been determined based on lines real and reactive power flow sensitivity indexes also called as real and reactive transmission congestion distribution factors. The generators in the most sensitive zones, with strongest and nonuniform distribution of sensitivity indexes, are identified for rescheduling their real power output for congestion management. In addition, the impact of optimal rescheduling of reactive power output by generators and capacitors in the most sensitive zones has also been studied. The proposed new zonal concept has been tested on 39-bus New England system and a 75-bus Indian system.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present papers/literature on congestion management issues in the deregulated electricity markets and refer to 211 citations referenced in this bibliography and the general electronic web sites and the web sites dealing with the issue of congestion management are also listed.
294 citations
TL;DR: An algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) which minimizes the deviations of rescheduled values of generator power outputs from scheduled levels and handles the binding constraints by a technique different from the traditional penalty function method is proposed.
Abstract: Power system congestion is a major problem that the system operator (SO) would face in the post-deregulated era. Therefore, investigation of techniques for congestion-free wheeling of power is of paramount interest. One of the most practiced and an obvious technique of congestion management is rescheduling the power outputs of generators in the system. However, all generators in the system need not take part in congestion management. Development of sound formulation and appropriate solution technique for this problem is aimed in this paper. Contributions made in the present paper are twofold. Firstly a technique for optimum selection of participating generators has been introduced using generator sensitivities to the power flow on congested lines. Secondly this paper proposes an algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) which minimizes the deviations of rescheduled values of generator power outputs from scheduled levels. The PSO algorithm, reported in this paper, handles the binding constraints by a technique different from the traditional penalty function method. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology has been analyzed on IEEE 30-bus and 118-bus systems and the 39 -bus New England system.
291 citations
Cites methods or result from "A zonal congestion management appro..."
...The 39-bus system was intentionally chosen in order to compare the performance of the proposed method with four reported methods in [11]–[13] and [16]....
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...Method 2—This refers to the approach discussed in [12] and [13]....
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...A zonal model based on ac load flow was proposed in [12] and [13]....
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...The approach presented in [12] and [13] being similar, results of [12] only have been considered for comparison....
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01 Dec 2013
TL;DR: This work uses an approximate model for the grid voltage magnitudes to propose an algorithm that performs well when an exact nonlinear model of the grid voltages is adopted, when realistic power demand profiles are considered, and when the voltage measurements are affected by measurement noise.
Abstract: We consider the problem of reconstructing the topology of a portion of the power distribution network, given a dataset of voltage measurements. By using an approximate model for the grid voltage magnitudes, we show that these signals exhibit some specific correlation properties, that can be described via a sparse Markov random field. By specializing the tools available for the identification of graphical models, we propose an algorithm for the reconstruction of the grid topology. Via simulations, we show how the algorithm performs well also when an exact nonlinear model of the grid voltages is adopted, when realistic power demand profiles are considered, and when the voltage measurements are affected by measurement noise.
215 citations
Cites background from "A zonal congestion management appro..."
...• real time grid reconfiguration - the topology of the power distribution grid can be partially reconfigured in order to avoid power line congestion, excessive voltage drops, and to reduce power losses; this option is well known in the power system operation practice [5], but its real-time automated implementation in the presence of the aforementioned new loads and new generation technologies is the subject of recent investigation [6]; • real-time dispatchment, scheduling, and curtailment - microgenerators, dispatchable loads, and storage devices can be commanded in order to minimize power distribution losses, avoid congestion, and ensure a safe and reliable operation of the power distribution grid; this optimal dispatchment can be enforced, or can emerge from a carefully designed energy market mechanism; in both cases, a distributed architecture for measurement, data processing, and actuation is needed [7], [8], [9]; this optimization process can also be applied to reactive power flows, as proposed for example in [10], [11], [12]....
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TL;DR: The effect of compromising each measurement on the price of electricity, so that the attacker is able to change the prices in the desired direction (increasing or decreasing) is specified.
Abstract: Applications of cyber technologies improve the quality of monitoring and decision making in smart grid. These cyber technologies are vulnerable to malicious attacks, and compromising them can have serious technical and economical problems. This paper specifies the effect of compromising each measurement on the price of electricity, so that the attacker is able to change the prices in the desired direction (increasing or decreasing). Attacking and defending all measurements are impossible for the attacker and defender, respectively. This situation is modeled as a zero-sum game between the attacker and defender. The game defines the proportion of times that the attacker and defender like to attack and defend different measurements, respectively. From the simulation results based on the PJM 5-Bus test system, we can show the effectiveness and properties of the studied game.
188 citations
Cites background from "A zonal congestion management appro..."
...In power community we say congestion happens if increasing the power injection, increases (at least one of) transmission lines’ power to their (its) thermal limit [8], [9]....
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TL;DR: In this article, an approach for alleviation of network over loads in the day-to-day operation of power systems under a deregulated environment is presented, where the control used for over load alleviation is real power generation rescheduling based on relative electrical distance (RED) concept.
171 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems, including characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security.
Abstract: Topics considered include characteristics of power generation units, transmission losses, generation with limited energy supply, control of generation, and power system security. This book is a graduate-level text in electric power engineering as regards to planning, operating, and controlling large scale power generation and transmission systems. Material used was generated in the post-1966 period. Many (if not most) of the chapter problems require a digital computer. A background in steady-state power circuit analysis is required.
6,344 citations
"A zonal congestion management appro..." refers methods in this paper
...where is the number of generators participating in congestion management, is the MVA flow limit of a line connected between bus- and bus- , and are the total real and reactive power loss, which have been expressed using exact loss formula [ 14 ]....
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Book•
24 Dec 1999
TL;DR: The Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)—a new technology based on power electronics—offers an opportunity to enhance controllability, stability, and power transfer capability of ac transmission systems.
4,217 citations
Book•
30 Nov 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a method to find the most relevant information from Bibliogr. : p. 255-266. Index Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08
Abstract: Note: Bibliogr. : p. 255-266. Index Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08
1,914 citations
"A zonal congestion management appro..." refers methods in this paper
...Hogan proposed the contract path and nodal pricing approach [2] using spot pricing theory [3] for the pool-type market....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a contract path option to address the problem of loop flow and congestion in electric power transmission systems, which provides an internally consistent framework for assigning long-term capacity rights to a complicated electric transmission network.
Abstract: A contract network extends the concept of a contract path to address the problem of loop flow and congestion in electric power transmission systems. A contract network option provides an internally consistent framework for assigning long-term capacity rights to a complicated electric transmission network. The contract network respects the special conditions induced by Kirchoff's Laws; accommodates thermal, voltage, and contingency constraints on transmission capacity; and can be adopted without disturbing existing methods for achieving an economic power dispatch subject to these constraints. By design, a contract network would maintain short-run efficiency through optimal spot-price determination of transmission prices. Through payment of congestion rentals, the contract network makes a long-term capacity-right holder indifferent between delivery of the power or receipt of payments in a settlement system. to]Everybody talks about the weather, but nobody does anything about it.
1,002 citations
"A zonal congestion management appro..." refers methods in this paper
...Hogan proposed the contract path and nodal pricing approach [2] using spot pricing theory [3] for the pool-type market....
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Book•
19 Apr 1999
TL;DR: A review of classical methods of analysis of generators can be found in this paper, where the authors present a simulation for study of Transient Stability Application of Energy Function Methods transient Stability Controllers.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Basic Concepts Review of Classical Methods of Analysis SYSTEM MODELLING AND DYNAMICS OF SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR: Modelling of Synchronous Machine Excitation and Prime Mover Controllers Transmission Lines, Static VAR Compensators and Loads Dynamics of Synchronous Generator Connected to Infinite Bus SMALL SIGNAL STABILITY ANALYSIS (Low Frequency Oscillations): Analysis of Single Machine System Power System Stabilizer Analysis of Mulitmachine System SMALL SIGNAL STABILITY ANALYSIS (Subsynchronous Frequency Oscillations): Analysis of Subsynchronous Resonance Countermeasure to SSR TRANSIENT STABILITY ANALYSIS: Simulation for Study of Transient Stability Application of Energy Function Methods Transient Stability Controllers Appendix A: Introduction to Voltage Stability Appendix B: Numerical Integration Appendix C: Data of 10 Generator System Appendix D: List of Problems.
727 citations
"A zonal congestion management appro..." refers methods in this paper
...The proposed concept of congestion zone-based congestion management system utilizing the real and reactive TCDFs has been illustrated on a 39-bus New England system [16] and 75-bus Indian system [17]....
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