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Aberrations of optical systems
01 Jan 1986-
TL;DR: In this paper, the Seidel aberrations of unsymmetrical systems and of holographic optical elements are calculated and a finite raytracing through non-symmetric systems is proposed.
Abstract: Optical systems and ideal optical images. Geometrical optics. Gaussian optics. Finite raytracing. Finite raytracing through non-symmetrical systems. Optical invariants. Monochromatic aberrations. Calculation of the Seidel aberrations. Finite aberration formulae. Chromatic aberration. Primary aberrations of unsymmetrical systems and of holographic optical elements. Thin lens aberrations. Optical tolerances.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a modified Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor was used to measure the monochromatic wave aberration of both eyes for 109 normal human subjects across a 5.7mm pupil.
Abstract: From both a fundamental and a clinical point of view, it is necessary to know the distribution of the eye's aberrations in the normal population and to be able to describe them as efficiently as possible. We used a modified Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensor to measure the monochromatic wave aberration of both eyes for 109 normal human subjects across a 5.7-mm pupil. We analyzed the distribution of the eye's aberrations in the population and found that most Zernike modes are relatively uncorrelated with each other across the population. A principal components analysis was applied to our wave-aberration measurements with the resulting principal components providing only a slightly more compact description of the population data than Zernike modes. This indicates that Zernike modes are efficient basis functions for describing the eye's wave aberration. Even though there appears to be a random variation in the eye's aberrations from subject to subject, many aberrations in the left eye were found to be significantly correlated with their counterparts in the right eye.
614Â citations
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: Sign Conventions Aberration Free Image Spherical Wavefront, Defocus, and Lateral Shift Angular, Transverse, and Longitudinal Aberration Seidel Aberrations A. Spherical Aberration B. Coma C. Astigmatism D. Field Curvature E. Distortion Zernike Polynomials and Third-Order Aberrations as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: VIII. IX. X. XI. XII. Sign Conventions Aberration-Free Image Spherical Wavefront, Defocus, and Lateral Shift Angular, Transverse, and Longitudinal Aberration Seidel Aberrations A. Spherical Aberration B. Coma C. Astigmatism D. Field Curvature E. Distortion Zernike Polynomials Relationship between Zernike Polynomials and Third-Order Aberrations Peak-to-Valley and RMS Wavefront Aberration Strehl Ratio Chromatic Aberrations Aberrations Introduced by Plane Parallel Plates Aberrations of Simple Thin Lenses 2 4 9 12 15 18 22 24 26 28 28
447Â citations
Cites background or methods from "Aberrations of optical systems"
...(31) (See Welford (1974), p. 87, or Welford (1986), p. 107 for more details of the justification of writing W in the form given in Eq....
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...(For further information, see Welford (1986), Chapter 12....
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...(For further information, see Welford (1986), Chapter 12.)...
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...This definition is used in aberration theory (for an example, see Welford’s (1986) book), and is the convention most likely used in the classroom....
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TL;DR: In this article, a variety of methods for obtaining both 3D super-resolution images and 3D tracking infers structures or motions extending in the axial direction can easily be missed or confused.
Abstract: Single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and single-particle tracking are two imaging modalities that illuminate the properties of cells and materials on spatial scales down to tens of nanometers or with dynamical information about nanoscale particle motion in the millisecond range, respectively. These methods generally use wide-field microscopes and two-dimensional camera detectors to localize molecules to much higher precision than the diffraction limit. Given the limited total photons available from each single-molecule label, both modalities require careful mathematical analysis and image processing. Much more information can be obtained about the system under study by extending to three-dimensional (3D) single-molecule localization: without this capability, visualization of structures or motions extending in the axial direction can easily be missed or confused, compromising scientific understanding. A variety of methods for obtaining both 3D super-resolution images and 3D tracking inf...
360Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the performance of a popular digital camera (Nikon Coolpix 950 with FC-E8 fisheye) with a conventional film camera under different stand structures and sky conditions.
318Â citations
Cites background from "Aberrations of optical systems"
...All optical systems are subject to a number of imperfections that prevent a point located in the object region from forming a point on the image plane (Welford, 1986)....
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...Chromatic aberration and color blur All optical systems are subject to a number of imperfections that prevent a point located in the object region from forming a point on the image plane (Welford, 1986)....
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TL;DR: The model has been applied to simulate a variety of experimental methods in which image aberrations are estimated from measurements taken in the object space and the results suggest that for some types of aberration, these methods may yield biased estimates.
Abstract: A schematic eye model based on anatomical data, which had been previously designed to reproduce image quality on axis, has been transformed into a wide-angle model by simply adding a spherical image surface that plays the role of the retina. This model captures the main features of the wide-angle optical design of the human eye with minimum complexity: four conic optical surfaces plus a spherical image surface. Seidel aberrations (spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, field curvature, and distortion), longitudinal and transverse chromatic aberrations, and overall monochromatic spot diagrams have been computed for this eye model and for field angles ranging from 0 degree to 60 degrees by both finite and third-order ray tracing. The modulation transfer function for each field angle has been computed as well. In each case our results have been compared with average experimental data found in the literature, showing a reasonably good agreement. The agreement between the model and experimental data is better off axis, mainly at moderate (10 degrees-40 degrees) field angles, than on axis. The model has been applied to simulate a variety of experimental methods in which image aberrations are estimated from measurements taken in the object space. Our results suggest that for some types of aberration, these methods may yield biased estimates.
256Â citations