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Journal ArticleDOI

Abiotic stress: Interplay between ROS, hormones and MAPKs

TL;DR: The complex nature of plant stress signaling network is discussed, with a specific attention to ROS as the primary source of the signaling battery in plants and the interaction between ROS and other signaling components, e.g., redox homeostasis, MAPKs, and plant hormones has been assessed.
About: This article is published in Environmental and Experimental Botany.The article was published on 2017-05-01. It has received 251 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Biotic stress & Second messenger system.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review has documented the recent advancement illustrating the harmful effects of ROS, antioxidant defense system involved in ROS detoxification under different abiotic stresses, and molecular cross-talk with other important signal molecules such as reactive nitrogen, sulfur, and carbonyl species.
Abstract: Global climate change and associated adverse abiotic stress conditions, such as drought, salinity, heavy metals, waterlogging, extreme temperatures, oxygen deprivation, etc., greatly influence plant growth and development, ultimately affecting crop yield and quality, as well as agricultural sustainability in general. Plant cells produce oxygen radicals and their derivatives, so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS), during various processes associated with abiotic stress. Moreover, the generation of ROS is a fundamental process in higher plants and employs to transmit cellular signaling information in response to the changing environmental conditions. One of the most crucial consequences of abiotic stress is the disturbance of the equilibrium between the generation of ROS and antioxidant defense systems triggering the excessive accumulation of ROS and inducing oxidative stress in plants. Notably, the equilibrium between the detoxification and generation of ROS is maintained by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems under harsh environmental stresses. Although this field of research has attracted massive interest, it largely remains unexplored, and our understanding of ROS signaling remains poorly understood. In this review, we have documented the recent advancement illustrating the harmful effects of ROS, antioxidant defense system involved in ROS detoxification under different abiotic stresses, and molecular cross-talk with other important signal molecules such as reactive nitrogen, sulfur, and carbonyl species. In addition, state-of-the-art molecular approaches of ROS-mediated improvement in plant antioxidant defense during the acclimation process against abiotic stresses have also been discussed.

1,028 citations


Cites background from "Abiotic stress: Interplay between R..."

  • ...because of their highly reactive nature [7]....

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  • ...In the cell wall, POX, amine oxidases, and LOX activity are the potential source for ROS in the cell wall [7,58]....

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  • ...However, during stress conditions, overgeneration of ROS demolishes the equilibrium and causes cellular damage, leading to programmed cell death (PCD) as well as decreasing plant productivity [7]....

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27 May 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, a caracterización fisiologica and bioquimica of cuatro variedades of algodon in condiciones of deficit hidrico durante the floracion was studied.
Abstract: El deficit hidrico es limitante de la productividad del cultivo de algodon. Para mitigar el efecto del estres es necesario el desarrollo de variedades con tolerancia al estres. El deficit hidrico afecta el estado hidrico, esto reduce la fotosintesis y el crecimiento y desarrollo. Las plantas de algodon hacen frente al estres mediante el crecimiento radical, sintesis de antioxidantes y osmolitos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la caracterizacion fisiologica y bioquimica de cuatro variedades de algodon en condiciones de deficit hidrico durante la floracion. Se evaluo el estado hidrico, intercambio de gases, pigmentos fotosinteticos, fluorescencia de la clorofila, acumulacion de masa seca, absicion de estructuras reproductivas, perdida de electrolitos y malondialdehido, contenido de potasio, azucares, prolina y carotenoides. Ademas, se evaluo el rendimiento y calidad. Mediante el analisis de indices de tolerancia y analisis multivariado se identificaron variables altamente relacionadas con la tolerancia al deficit hidrico. Los datos mostraron que el deficit hidrico causo reduccion del estado hidrico, esto genero una limitacion estomatica de la fotosintesis, y reduccion de la discriminacion del carbono 13. La limitacion estomatica genero estres oxidativo que fue mitigado con la acumulacion de prolina y carotenoides. Tambien se observo un aumento en la acumulacion de osmolitos como potasio, azucares y prolina. Sin embargo, no mejoro sustancialmente el estado hidrico. Se observo una traslocacion de asimilados hacia la raiz durante el periodo de estres. Despues de la rehidratacion en la variedad 159 una compensacion del crecimiento radical fue observada. El deficit hidrico genero reduccion del indice de area foliar y absicion de estructuras reproductivas. Pero despues de la rehidratacion se observo una rapida recuperacion del indice de area foliar y una emision de nuevas estructuras reproductivas y de ramas monopodiales en 123,159 y 168. La variedad mas tolerante al deficit hidrico fue 129 debido a su alto indice de tolerancia al estres, dado por una alta acumulacion de prolina, bajo malondialdehido y alto peso de capsula. Las variedades 159 y 168 presentaron estabilidad en el rendimiento entre plantas estresadas y bien regadas, este comportamiento se relaciono con el contenido de azucares totales y la relacion clorofila a/b. Por tanto, el diferencial en la magnitud de la expresion de moleculas protectoras fue el factor determinante en el nivel de tolerancia al deficit hidrico.

291 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The mechanisms of crosstalk between MAPK cascades and plant hormone signaling pathways are highlighted and recent findings on MAPK regulation and function in various cellular processes are summarized.
Abstract: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modules play key roles in the transduction of environmental and developmental signals through phosphorylation of downstream signaling targets, including other kinases, enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins or transcription factors, in all eukaryotic cells. A typical MAPK cascade consists of at least three sequentially acting serine/threonine kinases, a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), a MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) and finally, the MAP kinase (MAPK) itself, with each phosphorylating, and hence activating, the next kinase in the cascade. Recent advances in our understanding of hormone signaling pathways have led to the discovery of new regulatory systems. In particular, this research has revealed the emerging role of crosstalk between the protein components of various signaling pathways and the involvement of this crosstalk in multiple cellular processes. Here we provide an overview of current models and mechanisms of hormone signaling with a special emphasis on the role of MAPKs in cell signaling networks. One-sentence summary: In this review we highlight the mechanisms of crosstalk between MAPK cascades and plant hormone signaling pathways and summarize recent findings on MAPK regulation and function in various cellular processes.

196 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review primarily focuses on the regulatory effects of exogenous phytohormones on the biosynthesis of metabolites by microalgae under adverse environmental conditions and discusses the mechanisms of phythormone-mediated cell growth, stress tolerance and lipid biosynthesis in micro algae under abiotic stress conditions.

163 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The physicochemical basis of ROS production, cellular compartment-specific ROS generation pathways, and their possible distressing effects are discussed and the function of the antioxidant defense system for detoxification and homeostasis of ROS for maximizing defense is discussed.
Abstract: Various environmental stresses singly or in combination generate excess amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and impaired redox homeostasis. Generation of ROS is the obvious outcome of abiotic stresses and is gaining importance not only for their ubiquitous generation and subsequent damaging effects in plants but also for their diversified roles in signaling cascade, affecting other biomolecules, hormones concerning growth, development, or regulation of stress tolerance. Therefore, a good balance between ROS generation and the antioxidant defense system protects photosynthetic machinery, maintains membrane integrity, and prevents damage to nucleic acids and proteins. Notably, the antioxidant defense system not only scavenges ROS but also regulates the ROS titer for signaling. A glut of studies have been executed over the last few decades to discover the pattern of ROS generation and ROS scavenging. Reports suggested a sharp threshold level of ROS for being beneficial or toxic, depending on the plant species, their growth stages, types of abiotic stresses, stress intensity, and duration. Approaches towards enhancing the antioxidant defense in plants is one of the vital areas of research for plant biologists. Therefore, in this review, we accumulated and discussed the physicochemical basis of ROS production, cellular compartment-specific ROS generation pathways, and their possible distressing effects. Moreover, the function of the antioxidant defense system for detoxification and homeostasis of ROS for maximizing defense is also discussed in light of the latest research endeavors and experimental evidence.

158 citations


Cites background from "Abiotic stress: Interplay between R..."

  • ...Stressed-plants become prone to growth reduction by differential cell wall growth, where ROS, along with peroxidase, triggers polymerization of glycoproteins and phenolic compounds to make cell walls rigid [24,38,39]....

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  • ...The chloroplast is one of the leading ROS production sites in plants [23,24], where ROS generation, directly and indirectly, depends on the interaction of chlorophyll (chl) and light....

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  • ...2–2% of electrons transferred interact with O2 to produce ROS, and hence, apparently 1–2% of O2 becomes partially reduced [23,24,34]....

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  • ...differential cell wall growth, where ROS, along with peroxidase, triggers polymerization of glycoproteins and phenolic compounds to make cell walls rigid [24,38,39]....

    [...]

  • ...These cell wall-associated peroxidases catalyze H2O2 generation in the presence of NADH, where the NADH is solely provided from malate dehydrogenase [24]....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The mechanisms of ROS generation and removal in plants during development and under biotic and abiotic stress conditions are described and the possible functions and mechanisms for ROS sensing and signaling in plants are compared with those in animals and yeast.
Abstract: Several reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced in plants as byproducts of aerobic metabolism. Depending on the nature of the ROS species, some are highly toxic and rapidly detoxified by various cellular enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms. Whereas plants are surfeited with mechanisms to combat increased ROS levels during abiotic stress conditions, in other circumstances plants appear to purposefully generate ROS as signaling molecules to control various processes including pathogen defense, programmed cell death, and stomatal behavior. This review describes the mechanisms of ROS generation and removal in plants during development and under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. New insights into the complexity and roles that ROS play in plants have come from genetic analyses of ROS detoxifying and signaling mutants. Considering recent ROS-induced genome-wide expression analyses, the possible functions and mechanisms for ROS sensing and signaling in plants are compared with those in animals and yeast.

9,908 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In Arabidopsis, a network of at least 152 genes is involved in managing the level of ROS, and this network is highly dynamic and redundant, and encodes ROS-scavenging and ROS-producing proteins.

4,902 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of ROS homeostasis and signalling in response to drought and salt stresses is provided and the current understanding of ROS involvement in stress sensing, stress signalling and regulation of acclimation responses is discussed.
Abstract: Water deficit and salinity, especially under high light intensity or in combination with other stresses, disrupt photosynthesis and increase photorespiration, altering the normal homeostasis of cells and cause an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS play a dual role in the response of plants to abiotic stresses functioning as toxic by-products of stress metabolism, as well as important signal transduction molecules. In this review, we provide an overview of ROS homeostasis and signalling in response to drought and salt stresses and discuss the current understanding of ROS involvement in stress sensing, stress signalling and regulation of acclimation responses.

2,872 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
28 Feb 2002-Nature
TL;DR: An Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cell system based on the induction of early-defence gene transcription by flagellin, a highly conserved component of bacterial flagella that functions as a PAMP in plants and mammals is developed, suggesting that signalling events initiated by diverse pathogens converge into a conserved MAPK cascade.
Abstract: There is remarkable conservation in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by innate immune responses of plants, insects and mammals. We developed an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cell system based on the induction of early-defence gene transcription by flagellin, a highly conserved component of bacterial flagella that functions as a PAMP in plants and mammals. Here we identify a complete plant MAP kinase cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) and WRKY22/WRKY29 transcription factors that function downstream of the flagellin receptor FLS2, a leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) receptor kinase. Activation of this MAPK cascade confers resistance to both bacterial and fungal pathogens, suggesting that signalling events initiated by diverse pathogens converge into a conserved MAPK cascade.

2,480 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Kozi Asada1
TL;DR: The reaction centers of PSI and PSII in chloroplast thylakoids are the major generation site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the primary reduced product was identified.
Abstract: The reaction centers of PSI and PSII in chloroplast thylakoids are the major generation site of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Photoreduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in PSI was discovered over 50 years ago by [Mehler (1951)][1]. Subsequently, the primary reduced product was identified

2,385 citations