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Abundance and persistence of antibiotic resistance genes in livestock farms: a comprehensive investigation in eastern China.

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TLDR
This is the first comprehensive study to detail the relative abundance of specific ARGs in animal manures and agricultural wastewater treatment systems, potentially providing knowledge for managing antibiotic resistance emanating from agricultural activities.
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This article is published in Environment International.The article was published on 2013-11-01. It has received 236 citations till now.

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Review of antibiotic resistance in China and its environment

TL;DR: It is important to understand the current state of antibiotic use in China and its relationship to ARG prevalence and diversity in the environment, and also future needs in mitigating the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environments, particularly under the 'planetary health' perspective.
Journal ArticleDOI

Using the class 1 integron-integrase gene as a proxy for anthropogenic pollution

TL;DR: It is suggested that the relative abundance of the clinical class 1 integron-integrase gene, intI1, is a good proxy for pollution because it is linked to genes conferring resistance to antibiotics, disinfectants and heavy metals.
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Long-term field application of sewage sludge increases the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in soil.

TL;DR: The patterns of bacterial community and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a long-term field experiment were investigated and it was suggested that bacterial community shifts, rather than MGEs, is the major driver shaping the antibiotic resistome.
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Integrons: Past, Present, and Future

TL;DR: This review examines the functions and activities of integrons before the antibiotic era and shows how antibiotic use selected particular integrons from among the environmental pool of these elements, such that integrons carrying resistance genes are now present in the majority of Gram-negative pathogens.
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Diversity, abundance, and persistence of antibiotic resistance genes in various types of animal manure following industrial composting

TL;DR: The results suggest that different animal species had significant effects on the diversity, abundance, and persistence of ARGs, where the abundance of transposons, heavy metal concentration, total nitrogen level, and the dosage and duration of exposure to antibiotics may explain these differences.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Clustal w: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice

TL;DR: The sensitivity of the commonly used progressive multiple sequence alignment method has been greatly improved and modifications are incorporated into a new program, CLUSTAL W, which is freely available.
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Tetracycline Antibiotics: Mode of Action, Applications, Molecular Biology, and Epidemiology of Bacterial Resistance

TL;DR: Changing the use of tetracyclines in human and animal health as well as in food production is needed if this class of broad-spectrum antimicrobials through the present century is to continue to be used.
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Diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes in Chinese swine farms.

TL;DR: Diverse, abundant, and potentially mobile ARGs in farm samples suggest that unmonitored use of antibiotics and metals is causing the emergence and release of ARGs to the environment.
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Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments.

TL;DR: The large majority of antibiotics currently used for treating infections and the antibiotic resistance genes acquired by human pathogens each have an environmental origin and the function of these elements in their environmental reservoirs may be very distinct from the “weapon-shield” role they play in clinical settings.
Journal ArticleDOI

The antibiotic resistome: the nexus of chemical and genetic diversity

TL;DR: Understanding the molecular diversity that underlies resistance will inform the use of these drugs and guide efforts to develop new efficacious antibiotics.
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