Accumulation of Trace Metals by Mangrove Plants in Indian Sundarban Wetland: Prospects for Phytoremediation
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Citations
Environmental Chemistry of the Elements
Selected methods of trace metal analysis : biological and environmental samples / Jon C. Van Loon
Contamination and ecological risk assessment of trace elements in sediments of the rivers of Sundarban mangrove forest, Bangladesh.
Distribution, source and pollution level of heavy metals in river sediments from South China
References
Metal phytoremediation potential of Rhizophora mucronata (Lam.)
Perfluorinated compounds in surficial sediments of the Ganges River and adjacent Sundarban mangrove wetland, India
Arsenic speciation in polychaetes (Annelida) and sediments from the intertidal mudflat of Sundarban mangrove wetland, India
Mercury enrichments in core sediments in Hugli–Matla–Bidyadhari estuarine complex, north-eastern part of the Bay of Bengal and their ecotoxicological significance
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Frequently Asked Questions (13)
Q2. What are the main adaptive strategies for the removal of trace metals in mangrove plants?
These include sediment-plant interactions, modifications of anatomical structure of the plant organs as well as intracellular binding mechanisms.
Q3. What are the possible mechanisms responsible for restricted uptake and translocation within plants?
Possible physiological mechanisms responsible for restricted uptake and translocation within plants include cell wall immobilization, complexation with substances such as phytochelatins and barriers at the root endodermis (Baker and Walker 1990).
Q4. How many sediment samples were collected at each site?
Sediment samples were collected in triplicate from top 0–5 cm of the surface at each sampling site (Corsolini et al. 2012) over an area of 1m x 1m using a clean, acid-washed plastic scoop.
Q5. Why did Middleburg et al. (1996) have basic pH values?
According to Middleburg et al. (1996) mangrove sediments have basic pH values due to the limited buffer capacity of these sediments.
Q6. What was the method used for the determination of total metal(loid) contents?
The determination of total metal(loid) contents was performed using current analytical methods, including: Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS, SOLAAR M Series equipment from Thermo–Unicam) for Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn; coupled graphite furnace AAS for As and Cd; and a hydride generation system (HGS) linked to an atomic absorption for Hg.
Q7. What are the main reasons for the lack of standard norms and strict regulation about fuel being used?
The lack of standard norms and strict regulation about fuel being used in mechanized boats for ferrying and fishing throughout the year lead to deposition of metals.
Q8. What is the role of mangrove plants in extracting heavy metals from contaminated sites?
The present result suggests the role of mangrove plants in extracting heavy metals from contaminated sites might be dependent on sediment metal availability.
Q9. What are the mechanisms of sequestration of metals in mangrove plants?
These mechanisms include the sub-cellular compartmentalization of the metal, namely in vacuoles, and the sequestration of the metal by specially produced organic compounds, like phytochelatins, concentrating metal in the plants roots (Ross and Kaye 1994).
Q10. What is the role of the two organs in the plant?
Thus these two organs act as a barrier for metal translocation and protect the sensitive aerial parts of the plants from metal contamination (Pahalawattaarachchi et al. 2009).
Q11. What are the suggested mechanisms for reduced bioavailability of metals in sediments?
Suggested mechanisms for reduced bioavailability of metals in sediments are precipitation as sulphides under anaerobic conditions, organicD ownl oade dby [U nive rsid ade deT rasos-M onte se Alto Dou ro] at0 4:51 08 July 201 5Accumulation of Trace Metals by Mangrove Plants in Sundarban 889Fig.
Q12. What is the maximum value of the BCF in excoecaria agalloch?
The bio- concentration factor (BCF) showed its maximum value (15.5) in Excoecaria agallocha for Cd, suggesting that it can be considered as a high-efficient plant for heavy metal bioaccumulation.
Q13. What is the admixture of sand and clay in sediment samples?
Regarding texture, sediment samples exhibit a variable admixture of sand (1.80–15.45%), silt (32.58–38.93%) and clay (51.98–59.28%).