Actin networks regulate the cell membrane permeability during electroporation.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the current theoretical models of electroporation should be advanced further by including the contributions of the cytoskeletal networks on the cell membrane permeability during the delivery of exogenous materials.
About: This article is published in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta.The article was published on 2021-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 37 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Electroporation & Cytoskeleton.
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TL;DR: This review of in-cell structural biology by NMR spectroscopy is meant to deliver comprehensive but accessible information, with advanced technical details and reflections on the methods, the nature of the results, and the future of the field.
Abstract: In-cell structural biology aims at extracting structural information about proteins or nucleic acids in their native, cellular environment. This emerging field holds great promise and is already providing new facts and outlooks of interest at both fundamental and applied levels. NMR spectroscopy has important contributions on this stage: It brings information on a broad variety of nuclei at the atomic scale, which ensures its great versatility and uniqueness. Here, we detail the methods, the fundamental knowledge, and the applications in biomedical engineering related to in-cell structural biology by NMR. We finally propose a brief overview of the main other techniques in the field (EPR, smFRET, cryo-ET, etc.) to draw some advisable developments for in-cell NMR. In the era of large-scale screenings and deep learning, both accurate and qualitative experimental evidence are as essential as ever to understand the interior life of cells. In-cell structural biology by NMR spectroscopy can generate such a knowledge, and it does so at the atomic scale. This review is meant to deliver comprehensive but accessible information, with advanced technical details and reflections on the methods, the nature of the results, and the future of the field.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors report on several major advances in elucidating the physics of biological matter and survey new challenges pertinent to cellular biomechanics, and present a review of some of the major advances.
Abstract: A distinctive characteristic of the biological cell is its ability to mechanically deform to crawl or squeeze through trapped spaces. When a cell is taken apart, the structural deformation of its cellular components as biological matter can be manipulated by electrical and magnetic fields. Their response to the external fields opens an opportunity for biomedical intervention of controlling the movement of a cell. The understanding of the coupling between the mechanical deformation and the nonlinear electromagnetic behavior, however, requires the formulation of electrostatics and continuum mechanics in elastic material. This review reports on several major advances in elucidating the physics of biological matter and surveys new challenges pertinent to cellular biomechanics.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a review of the principles and biophysics of PEF ablation is presented, which aims to enhance academic research and ultimately enable optimization of ablation parameters to maximize procedure success and minimize risk.
Abstract: Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) have emerged as an ideal cardiac ablation modality. At present numerous clinical trials in humans are exploring PEF as an ablation strategy for both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, with early data showing significant promise. As this is a relatively new technology there is limited understanding of its principles and biophysics. Importantly, PEF biophysics and principles are starkly different to current energy modalities (radiofrequency and cryoballoon). Given the relatively novel nature of PEFs, this review aims to provide an understanding of the principles and biophysics of PEF ablation. The goal is to enhance academic research and ultimately enable optimization of ablation parameters to maximize procedure success and minimize risk.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple and delicate structure was developed for the rotary triboelectric nanogenerators (rTENGs) to achieve ultra-high durability with the 2.3 kV voltage output 100% maintained after 1 000 000 cycles.
Abstract: Free-standing rotary triboelectric nanogenerators (rTENG) can accomplish special tasks which require both high voltage and high frequency. However, the reported high performance rTENG all have complex structures for output enhancement. In this work, an ultra-simple strategy to build high performance rTENG is developed. With only one small paper strip added to the conventional structure, the output of the TENG is promoted hugely. The voltage is triplicated to 2.3 kV, and the current and charge are quintupled to 133 µA and 197 nC, respectively. The small paper strip, with the merits of ultra-simplicity, wide availability, easy accessibility and low cost, functions as a super-effective charge supplement. This simple and delicate structure enables ultra-high durability with the 2.3 kV voltage output 100% maintained after 1 000 000 cycles. This charge supplementary strategy is universally effective for many other materials, and decouples the output enhancement from any friction or contact on the metal electrodes, emphasizing a critical working principle for the rTENG. Atmospheric cold plasma is generated using the paper strip rTENG (ps-rTENG), which demonstrates strong ability to do bacteria sterilization. This simple and persistent charge supplementary strategy can be easily adopted by other designs to promote the output even further.
15 citations
TL;DR: An understanding of the principles and biophysics of PEF ablation is provided to enhance academic research and ultimately enable optimization of ablation parameters to maximize procedure success and minimize risk.
Abstract: Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) have emerged as an ideal cardiac ablation modality. At present numerous clinical trials in humans are exploring PEF as an ablation strategy for both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, with early data showing significant promise. As this is a relatively new technology there is limited understanding of its principles and biophysics. Importantly, PEF biophysics and principles are starkly different to current energy modalities (radiofrequency and cryoballoon). Given the relatively novel nature of PEFs, this review aims to provide an understanding of the principles and biophysics of PEF ablation. The goal is to enhance academic research and ultimately enable optimization of ablation parameters to maximize procedure success and minimize risk.
13 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: Molecular cell biology, Molecular cell biology , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اصاع رسانی, کδاوρزی
Abstract: Molecular cell biology , Molecular cell biology , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
6,754 citations
TL;DR: An important insight emerging from this work is that long-lived cytoskeletal structures may act as epigenetic determinants of cell shape, function and fate.
Abstract: The ability of a eukaryotic cell to resist deformation, to transport intracellular cargo and to change shape during movement depends on the cytoskeleton, an interconnected network of filamentous polymers and regulatory proteins. Recent work has demonstrated that both internal and external physical forces can act through the cytoskeleton to affect local mechanical properties and cellular behaviour. Attention is now focused on how cytoskeletal networks generate, transmit and respond to mechanical signals over both short and long timescales. An important insight emerging from this work is that long-lived cytoskeletal structures may act as epigenetic determinants of cell shape, function and fate.
2,323 citations
"Actin networks regulate the cell me..." refers background in this paper
...In mammalian cells, the membrane is stabilized by the cytoskeletal network present inside the cell, which is a network of different filamentous biopolymers, including actin fibers and microtubules [1,2]....
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TL;DR: This review of the essential features of theoretical models of electroporation focuses on transient aqueous pore models, which can account for key features of mechanical instability and dramatic reversible electrical behavior of certain planar membranes and of cell membranes, and some features of molecular transport.
1,539 citations
"Actin networks regulate the cell me..." refers background in this paper
...The electropermeabilization of the cell membrane is typically described by the formation of metastable pores on the cell membrane, which is facilitated by the transmembrane voltage induced by the applied electric field [17]....
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...According to this theory, the rate of formation and closure of transmembrane pores is dependent on the temperature of the cell membrane [17,21,26]....
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...The rate of formation of electropores depends on a nucleation free energy barrier governed by the transition of an intact bilayer to a hydrophilic pore, through an unstable hydrophobic pore configuration [16,17]....
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...One of the most accepted descriptions of the electropermeabilization of cell membranes as a response to the applied electric field is the nucleation theory of electroporation [17]....
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TL;DR: This review summarizes current knowledge on the structural organization, composition, and mechanics of the actin cortex, focusing on the link between molecular processes and macroscopic physical properties and consequences of cortex dysfunction in disease.
753 citations
"Actin networks regulate the cell me..." refers background in this paper
...Similarly, experiments show that elastic modulus, a property often related to bending modulus, is shown to be halved when actin networks are depolymerized [64,65]....
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TL;DR: This review describes the theory and current applications of electroporation in medicine and then discusses current challenges in Electroporation research and barriers to a more extensive spread of these clinical applications.
Abstract: When high-amplitude, short-duration pulsed electric fields are applied to cells and tissues, the permeability of the cell membranes and tissue is increased. This increase in permeability is currently explained by the temporary appearance of aqueous pores within the cell membrane, a phenomenon termed electroporation. During the past four decades, advances in fundamental and experimental electroporation research have allowed for the translation of electroporation-based technologies to the clinic. In this review, we describe the theory and current applications of electroporation in medicine and then discuss current challenges in electroporation research and barriers to a more extensive spread of these clinical applications.
625 citations