Journal ArticleDOI
Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000.
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TLDR
These analyses show that smoking remains the leading cause of mortality in the United States, however, poor diet and physical inactivity may soon overtake tobacco as the lead cause of death.Abstract:
ContextModifiable behavioral risk factors are leading causes of mortality in
the United States. Quantifying these will provide insight into the effects
of recent trends and the implications of missed prevention opportunities.ObjectivesTo identify and quantify the leading causes of mortality in the United
States.DesignComprehensive MEDLINE search of English-language articles that identified
epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory studies linking risk behaviors and
mortality. The search was initially restricted to articles published during
or after 1990, but we later included relevant articles published in 1980 to
December 31, 2002. Prevalence and relative risk were identified during the
literature search. We used 2000 mortality data reported to the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention to identify the causes and number of deaths.
The estimates of cause of death were computed by multiplying estimates of
the cause-attributable fraction of preventable deaths with the total mortality
data.Main Outcome MeasuresActual causes of death.ResultsThe leading causes of death in 2000 were tobacco (435 000 deaths;
18.1% of total US deaths), poor diet and physical inactivity (400 000
deaths; 16.6%), and alcohol consumption (85 000 deaths; 3.5%). Other
actual causes of death were microbial agents (75 000), toxic agents (55 000),
motor vehicle crashes (43 000), incidents involving firearms (29 000),
sexual behaviors (20 000), and illicit use of drugs (17 000).ConclusionsThese analyses show that smoking remains the leading cause of mortality.
However, poor diet and physical inactivity may soon overtake tobacco as the
leading cause of death. These findings, along with escalating health care
costs and aging population, argue persuasively that the need to establish
a more preventive orientation in the US health care and public health systems
has become more urgent.read more
Citations
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The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage
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S. Jay Olshansky,Douglas J. Passaro,Ronald C. Hershow,Jennifer E. Layden,Bruce A. Carnes,Jacob A. Brody,Leonard Hayflick,Robert N. Butler,David B. Allison,David S. Ludwig +9 more
TL;DR: From an analysis of the effect of obesity on longevity, it is concluded that the steady rise in life expectancy during the past two centuries may soon come to an end.
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The Preventable Causes of Death in the United States: Comparative Risk Assessment of Dietary, Lifestyle, and Metabolic Risk Factors
Goodarz Danaei,Eric L. Ding,Dariush Mozaffarian,Bruce Taylor,Bruce Taylor,Jürgen Rehm,Jürgen Rehm,Jürgen Rehm,Christopher J L Murray,Majid Ezzati +9 more
TL;DR: Examination of US data on risk factor exposures and disease-specific mortality finds that smoking and hypertension, which both have effective interventions, are responsible for the largest number of deaths.
References
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TL;DR: The increases in the prevalences of obesity and overweight previously observed continued in 1999-2000, and increases occurred for both men and women in all age groups and for non-Hispanic whites, non- Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Actual causes of death in the United States.
J M McGinnis,W H Foege +1 more
TL;DR: The most prominent contributors to mortality in the United States in 1990 were tobacco, diet and activity patterns, alcohol, microbial agents, toxic agents, firearms, sexual behavior, motor vehicles, and illicit use of drugs.