Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing
01 Jul 2003-Vol. 3561, pp 1-37
TL;DR: A logging instrument contains a pulsed neutron source and a pair of radiation detectors spaced along the length of the instrument to provide an indication of formation porosity which is substantially independent of the formation salinity.
Abstract: The Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is intended for use by mobile nodes in an ad hoc network. It offers quick adaptation to dynamic link conditions, low processing and memory overhead, low network utilization, and determines unicast routes to destinations within the ad hoc network. It uses destination sequence numbers to ensure loop freedom at all times (even in the face of anomalous delivery of routing control messages), avoiding problems (such as "counting to infinity") associated with classical distance vector protocols.
Citations
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TL;DR: Simulation results of LEACH, Mod-LEach, iLEACH, E-DEEC, multichain-PEGASIS and M-GEAR protocols show that the routing task must be based on various intelligent techniques to enhance the network lifespan and guarantee better coverage of the sensing area.
Abstract: This paper surveys the energy-efficient routing protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It provides a classification and comparison following a new proposed taxonomy distinguishing nine categories of protocols, namely: Latency-aware and energy-efficient routing, next-hop selection, network architecture, initiator of communication, network topology, protocol operation, delivery mode, path establishment and application type. We analyze each class, discuss its representative routing protocols (mechanisms, advantages, disadvantages…) and compare them based on different parameters under the appropriate class. Simulation results of LEACH, Mod-LEACH, iLEACH, E-DEEC, multichain-PEGASIS and M-GEAR protocols, conducted under the NS3 simulator, show that the routing task must be based on various intelligent techniques to enhance the network lifespan and guarantee better coverage of the sensing area.
66 citations
Cites background from "Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (A..."
...Many other reactive routing protocols are used in WSNs among them, we quote: • Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) AODV is a reactive protocol used in WSNs [59]....
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TL;DR: This paper proposes a new routing protocol named CHAMP (caching and multiple path) routing protocol, which uses cooperative packet caching and shortest multipath routing to reduce packet loss due to frequent route failures.
Abstract: A mobile ad hoc network is an autonomous system of infrastructure-less, multihop, wireless mobile nodes. Reactive routing protocols perform well in this environment due to their ability to cope quickly against topological changes. This paper proposes a new routing protocol named CHAMP (caching and multiple path) routing protocol. CHAMP uses cooperative packet caching and shortest multipath routing to reduce packet loss due to frequent route failures. We show through extensive simulation results that these two techniques yield significant improvement in terms of packet delivery, end-to-end delay and routing overhead. We also show that existing protocol optimizations employed to reduce packet loss due to frequent route failures, namely local repair in AODV and packet salvaging in DSR, are not effective at high mobility rates and high network traffic.
66 citations
TL;DR: A novel method is presented to maintain a spanning tree in an ad hoc network in a fully distributed, on-line and asynchronous way and a technique is proposed to measure the mobility of the nodes.
Abstract: Although broadcasting using tree structure established in a network is a well known and widely used technique, it is typically claimed to be inappropriate for ad hoc networks, being the maintained tree very sensitive to network changes. On the contrary this paper presents an efficient tree based broadcasting scheme, which is reliable and stable even in case of the ever changing network structure of the ad hoc networks.To achieve this, first, a novel method is presented to maintain a spanning tree in an ad hoc network in a fully distributed, on-line and asynchronous way. Once the tree is established the broadcast itself is performed based on this tree. Some further improvements on the basic algorithm are also presented that reduce the resource requirements even more, increase the stability of the tree, enable the mobility of the nodes to be taken into account and make the method more configurable.As it is shown by simulation, the obtained broadcast scheme is stable, reliable and it uses small amount of resources: the acyclic structure of the broadcast tree ensures that the nodes get the broadcast messages only once, so the broadcast needs little bandwidth and the nodes need not store the recent broadcast messages, reducing the computational and memory requirements.As a byproduct a technique is proposed to measure the mobility of the nodes. This technique needs no additional GPS device or any geographical information but it is based on the stability of the links of the node.
66 citations
26 Apr 2004
TL;DR: This work proposes a three-layer approach that uses both mobile IP and dynamic destination-sequenced distance vector (DSDV) to integrate these two types of networks into a hybrid environment, in order to provide MANET nodes with Internet connectivity and access to the Internet resources.
Abstract: Summary form only given. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) and the Internet exhibit differences in their network architecture. These differences concern the various sorts of assumptions imposed not only on the structure and topology of the underlying networks, but also on communication patterns of mobile nodes in both networks. Integrating MANET and the Internet into a hybrid network is a challenging problem due to these differences. We propose a three-layer approach that uses both mobile IP and dynamic destination-sequenced distance vector (DSDV) to integrate these two types of networks into a hybrid environment, in order to provide MANET nodes with Internet connectivity and access to the Internet resources. Our approach is based on the use of mobile gateways as an interface between MANET and the Internet. These mobile gateways can use mobile IP when they communicate with the Internet and DSDV when they interact with MANET. We also show the results of several simulation experiments that were conducted to study the integrated environment.
66 citations
Cites background from "Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (A..."
...According to [12], a beacon interval [10,15] would guarantee high connectivity and low overhead....
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Patent•
06 Jan 2011TL;DR: In this article, a centralized gateway is provided to facilitate the assistance via client devices in the networks (220), and client devices may use a common protocol (311) and common interface to take actions relating to the assistance.
Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed that may provide assistance across networks using different radio access technologies. A centralized gateway CGW (210, 710) may be provided to facilitate the assistance via client devices in the networks (220). The CGW (210, 710) and client devices may use a common protocol (311) and common interface to take actions relating to the assistance (780).
66 citations
References
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3,501 citations
12 Nov 2001
TL;DR: In this article, a logging instrument contains a pulsed neutron source and a pair of radiation detectors spaced along the length of the instrument to provide an indication of formation porosity which is substantially independent of the formation salinity.
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207 citations
"Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (A..." refers methods in this paper
...This section defines other terminology used with AODV that is not already defined in [3]....
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