Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing
01 Jul 2003-Vol. 3561, pp 1-37
TL;DR: A logging instrument contains a pulsed neutron source and a pair of radiation detectors spaced along the length of the instrument to provide an indication of formation porosity which is substantially independent of the formation salinity.
Abstract: The Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is intended for use by mobile nodes in an ad hoc network. It offers quick adaptation to dynamic link conditions, low processing and memory overhead, low network utilization, and determines unicast routes to destinations within the ad hoc network. It uses destination sequence numbers to ensure loop freedom at all times (even in the face of anomalous delivery of routing control messages), avoiding problems (such as "counting to infinity") associated with classical distance vector protocols.
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TL;DR: A forwarding paradigm is developed to achieve the resulting set of flow rates while using a standard MAC using a bi-dimensional Markov chain model of the proposed forwarding paradigm to analyze its behavior.
Abstract: The availability of cost-effective wireless network interface cards makes it practical to design network devices with multiple radios which can be exploited to simultane-ously transmit/receive over different frequency channels. It has been shown that using multiple radios per node increases the throughput of multi-hop wireless mesh networks. However, multi-radios create several research challenges. A fundamental problem is the joint channel assignment and routing problem, i.e., how the channels can be assigned to radios and how a set of flow rates can be determined for every network link in order to achieve an anticipated objective. This joint problem is NP-com-plete. Thus, an approximate solution is developed by solving the channel assignment and the routing problems separately. The channel assignment problem turns out to be the problem to assign channels such that a given set of flow rates are schedulable and itself is shown to be also NP-complete. This paper shows that not only the channels but also the transmission rates of the links have to be properly selected to make a given set of flow rates schedulable. Thus, a greedy heuristic for the channel and rate assignment problem is developed. Algorithms to schedule the resulting set of flow rates have been proposed in the literature, which require synchronization among nodes and hence modified coordination functions. Unlike previous work, in this paper a forwarding paradigm is developed to achieve the resulting set of flow rates while using a standard MAC. A bi-dimensional Markov chain model of the proposed forwarding paradigm is presented to analyze its behavior. Thorough performance studies are con-ducted to: a) compare the proposed greedy heuristic to other channel assignment algorithms; b) analyze the behavior of the forwarding paradigm through numerical simulations based on the Markov chain model; c) simulate the operations of the forwarding paradigm and evaluate the achieved network throughput.
97 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the use of real-time voice application, using IEEE 802.11p (WAVE) enhance setting, in a single hop and multi-hop environment where nodes are not directly connected.
Abstract: Modern day's vehicles require advanced communication system on board to enable passengers benefit the most from available services. IEEE 802.11p is the new extension of IEEE 802.11 standards; especially proposed for the high vehicular environment. The WAVE documentation represents enhancements to the Media Access Control (MAC) and Physical (PHY) layer of IEEE 802.11 standards to work efficiently in high vehicular environment. In this research work, the main emphasis is on the new IEEE 802.11p enhancement of MAC and PHY layers. More specifically, the target of this research is to setup a simulation environment which will allow us to investigate the use of real time voice application, using IEEE 802.11p (WAVE) enhance setting, in a single hop and multi-hop environment where nodes are not directly connected. Also, the evaluation of transmission between moving nodes are tested by simply sending and receiving FTP file between them with varying speed of the moving nodes.
97 citations
TL;DR: A simulation-based performance comparison of SPTs, MSTs and MNT trees in WMNs using most concerned performance metrics such as packet delivery ratio, throughput, end-to-end delay, delay jitter and multicast traffic overheads is presented.
96 citations
Cites background from "Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (A..."
...This affects the packet delivery ratios of the multicast group as well as of other flows in the network....
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01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: The results indicate that weighted cost matrices can be used effectively with most statistical classifiers and that sequential cross-validation can have a small, but significant effect for certain types of classifiers.
Abstract: Intrusion detection is frequently used as a second line of defense in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs). In this paper we examine how to properly use classification methods in intrusion detection for MANETs. In order to do so we evaluate five supervised classification algorithms for intrusion detection on a number of metrics. We measure their performance on a dataset, described in this paper, which includes varied traffic conditions and mobility patterns for multiple attacks. One of our goals is to investigate how classification performance depends on the problem cost matrix. Consequently, we examine how the use of uniform versusweighted cost matrices affects classifier performance. A second goal is to examine techniques for tuning classifiers when unknown attack subtypes are expected during testing. Frequently, when classifiers are tuned using cross-validation, data from the same types of attacks are available in all folds. This differs from real-world employment where unknown types of attacks may be present. Consequently, we develop a sequential cross-validation procedure so that not all types of attacks will necessarily be present across all folds, in the hope that this would make the tuning of classifiers more robust. Our results indicate that weighted cost matrices can be used effectively with most statistical classifiers and that sequential cross-validation can have a small, but significant effect for certain types of classifiers.
96 citations
TL;DR: This paper proposes two local data-control schemes and an admission-control scheme for ad hoc networks with the IEEE 802.11e MAC standard, and shows that, with the proposed schemes, QoS can be guaranteed under a clear channel condition while maintaining a good utilization.
Abstract: Wireless ad hoc networks consist of nodes having a self-centrically broadcasting nature of communication. To provide quality of service (QoS) for ad hoc networks, many issues are involved, including routing, medium-access control (MAC), resource reservation, mobility management, etc. Carefully designed distributed medium-access techniques must be used for channel resources, so that mechanisms are needed to efficiently recover from inevitable frame collisions. For ad hoc wireless networks with a contention-based distributed MAC layer, QoS support and guarantee become extremely challenging. In this paper, we address this challenging issue. We first consider MAC and resource-reservation aspects for QoS support in one-hop ad hoc wireless networks. We propose two local data-control schemes and an admission-control scheme for ad hoc networks with the IEEE 802.11e MAC standard. In the proposed fully distributed local data control schemes, each node maps the measured traffic-load condition into backoff parameters locally and dynamically. In the proposed distributed admission-control scheme, based on measurements, each node makes decisions on the acceptances/rejections of flows by themselves, without the presence of access points. The proposed mechanisms are evaluated via extensive simulations. Studies show that, with the proposed schemes, QoS can be guaranteed under a clear channel condition while maintaining a good utilization. Discussions on applying the proposed schemes into multihop ad hoc networks are also included.
96 citations
References
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01 Mar 1997
TL;DR: This document defines these words as they should be interpreted in IETF documents as well as providing guidelines for authors to incorporate this phrase near the beginning of their document.
Abstract: In many standards track documents several words are used to signify the requirements in the specification. These words are often capitalized. This document defines these words as they should be interpreted in IETF documents. Authors who follow these guidelines should incorporate this phrase near the beginning of their document:
3,501 citations
12 Nov 2001
TL;DR: In this article, a logging instrument contains a pulsed neutron source and a pair of radiation detectors spaced along the length of the instrument to provide an indication of formation porosity which is substantially independent of the formation salinity.
Abstract: A logging instrument contains a pulsed neutron source and a pair of radiation detectors spaced along the length of the instrument. The radiation detectors are gated differently from each other to provide an indication of formation porosity which is substantially independent of the formation salinity. In the preferred embodiment, the electrical signals indicative of radiation detected by the long-spaced detector are gated for almost the entire interval between neutron pulses and the short-spaced signals are gated for a significantly smaller time interval which commences soon after the termination of a given neutron burst. The signals from the two detectors are combined in a ratio circuit for determination of porosity.
574 citations
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TL;DR: Many protocols make use of identifiers consisting of constants and other well-known values that must be administered by a central authority to insure that such quantities have consistent values and interpretations in different implementations.
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334 citations
01 Jun 2004
TL;DR: This document defines terms for mobility related terminology out of work done in the Seamoby Working Group but has broader applicability for terminology used in IETF-wide discourse on technology for mobility and IP networks.
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be done around IP mobility. This document defines terms for mobility
related terminology. The document originated out of work done in the
Seamoby Working Group but has broader applicability for terminology
used in IETF-wide discourse on technology for mobility and IP
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advantage of this terminology. This memo provides information for the
Internet community.
207 citations
"Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (A..." refers methods in this paper
...This section defines other terminology used with AODV that is not already defined in [3]....
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