Adaptive finite element simulation of stack pollutant emissions over complex terrains
TL;DR: In this article, a three-dimensional finite element model for the pollutant dispersion is presented, where the first stage consists on the construction of an adaptive tetrahedral mesh of a rectangular region bounded in its lower part by the terrain and in its upper part by a horizontal plane.
About: This article is published in Energy.The article was published on 2013-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 26 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Finite element method & Discretization.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a numerical model to study pollutant dispersion in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) by accounting for the mechanisms of advection by the mean wind in the horizontal direction, turbulent diffusion in the vertical direction to ground surface, dry deposition, and radioactive decay.
20 citations
TL;DR: A new method for wind field forecasting over complex terrain using the predictions of the HARMONIE meso-scale model as the input data for an adaptive finite element mass-consistent wind model with a minimal user intervention.
Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a new method for wind field forecasting over complex terrain. The main idea is to use the predictions of the HARMONIE meso-scale model as the input data for an adaptive finite element mass-consistent wind model. The HARMONIE results (obtained with a maximum resolution of about 1 km) are refined in a local scale (about a few metres). An interface between both models is implemented in such a way that the initial wind field is obtained by a suitable interpolation of the HARMONIE results. Genetic algorithms are used to calibrate some parameters of the local wind field model in accordance to the HARMONIE data. In addition, measured data are considered to improve the reliability of the simulations. An automatic tetrahedral mesh generator, based on the meccano method, is applied to adapt the discretization to complex terrains. The main characteristic of the framework is a minimal user intervention. The final goal is to validate our model in several realistic applications on Gran Canaria island, Spain, with some experimental data obtained by the AEMET in their meteorological stations. The source code of the mass-consistent wind model is available online at http://www.dca.iusiani.ulpgc.es/Wind3D/
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18 citations
TL;DR: The method mixes the benefits resulting from isogeometric analysis, implicit dynamics, residual minimization, and alternating direction solver with direction splitting, and shows that the resulting system of linear equations has a Kronecker product structure, which results in a linear computational cost of the direct solver.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a novel computational implicit method, which we call Isogeometric Residual Minimization (iGRM) with direction splitting. The method mixes the benefits resulting from isogeometric analysis, implicit dynamics, residual minimization, and alternating direction solver. We utilize tensor product B-spline basis functions in space, implicit second order time integration schemes, residual minimization in every time step, and we exploit Kronecker product structure of the matrix to employ linear computational cost alternating direction solver. We implement an implicit time integration scheme and apply, for each space-direction, a stabilized mixed method based on residual minimization. We show that the resulting system of linear equations has a Kronecker product structure, which results in a linear computational cost of the direct solver, even using implicit time integration schemes together with the stabilized mixed formulation. We test our method on three advection–diffusion computational examples, including model “membrane” problem, the circular wind problem, and the simulations modeling pollution propagating from a chimney.
16 citations
Cites methods from "Adaptive finite element simulation ..."
...We use the pollution model based on [39], with the following simplifying assumptions: we consider only one component of the pollution vector field, we neglect the chemical interactions between different components, and we assume cube shape of the computational domain....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a multimesh adaptive scheme for convection-diffusion-reaction problems for a large number of components is presented, where the evaluation of the nonreactive part for each component and the reaction at each node constitute independent tasks.
Abstract: SUMMARY
A multimesh adaptive scheme for convection–diffusion–reaction problems for a large number of components is presented. The problem is solved by splitting transport and reaction processes. This way, the evaluation of the nonreactive part for each component and the reaction at each node constitute independent tasks. This allows to discretize each component of the solution on a distinct computational mesh, adapted on the basis of its error indicator. The standard single-mesh strategy is used for comparison. Simulations of a point emission in a 3D domain are presented. Low remeshing periods of the adaptive scheme are found to be optimal, in terms of computational cost and accuracy, for the nonreactive problem. Examples with several reaction terms, with an increase of the complexity, are then presented. Results show that the accuracy of single-mesh and multimesh strategies are similar. Instead, the computational cost of the multimesh strategy is lower than the single-mesh in the majority of the examples; this process is controlled by the stiff behavior of the reactive term. The problem size of the multimesh scheme is much lower, and therefore, larger spatial discretizations can be simulated for a given available memory. The efficiency of the multimesh strategy increases with the number of species and the number of species that develop a plume. Finally, an example of a punctual emission considering realistic values of the initial concentrations and using the Community Multiscale Air Quality-CBO5 reaction model, which involves 62 components, is presented; the small-scale structure of the different nitrogen components near the emitter is captured. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
11 citations
Cites background from "Adaptive finite element simulation ..."
...The extension to complex geometries (topography and build elements) [16], real wind fields [17], and more realistic stack emissions models [16,18] is left for future developments....
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...This model considers four species and production rates, which are defined as [16, 35]:...
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References
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14 citations
06 Jun 2004
TL;DR: This paper presents a model for computing that field based on the contribution of the observed wind flow and the vertical buoyancy or momentum plume rise defined by a Gaussian plume model.
Abstract: Air pollution models usually start from the computation of the velocity field of a fluid. In this paper, we present a model for computing that field based on the contribution of the observed wind flow and the vertical buoyancy or momentum plume rise defined by a Gaussian plume model. This initial velocity field is adjusted to verify incompressibility and impermeability conditions by using a mass consistent model. In this environmental modelling that occur in a three-dimensional domain defined over complex terrain, a mesh generator capable of adapting itself to the topographical data and to the numerical solution is essential. Here, the unstructured tetrahedral meshes are generated by combining the use of a refinement/derefinement algorithm for two-dimensional domains and a tetrahedral mesh generator based on Delaunay triangulation. Occasionally in this process, low quality or even inverted elements may appear. A simultaneous untangling and smoothing procedure allows to optimise the resulting meshes. Once we have constructed the adapted mesh in accordance with the geometrical characteristics of our domain, we use an adaptive local refinement in the plume trajectory. Finally, this model is applied in a test problem.
11 citations
TL;DR: CAPAS is a model capable of estimating short-term concentrations of primary and secondary pollutants resulting from point source emissions, designed to simulate the complex interaction of plume dispersion and non-linear chemistry.
Abstract: We have developed a model, CAPAS, capable of estimating short-term concentrations of primary and secondary pollutants resulting from point source emissions. The model is designed to simulate the complex interaction of plume dispersion and non-linear chemistry. The main features of the model are: (1) the horizontal and vertical resolution within the plume, which offers a realistic treatment of the entrainment process, (2) its flexibility with regard to choices of chemical kinetic mechanism and the inclusion of a powerful numerical solver to handle stiff systems, and (3) its simplicity of operation and adaptability to solve new problems. The realism of the plume model simulations was tested by comparing model calculations of plume concentrations with data of SF"6 tracer concentrations and ozone concentrations. The results of the model compare well with both sets of field measurements.
11 citations
"Adaptive finite element simulation ..." refers methods in this paper
...Main dispersion models include Gaussian plume models [3], particle tracking models [4], and puff models [5, 6, 7]....
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TL;DR: The Trajectory-Grid algorithm is incorporated into the state-of-the-science Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) and applications reveal the inaccuracy of the commonly used Bott advection scheme, and the subsequent compensating errors of the model.
9 citations
"Adaptive finite element simulation ..." refers methods in this paper
...The convection, diffusion and reaction problem is usually solved using splitting schemes [31, 32] and specific numerical solvers for time integration of photochemical reaction terms [33, 34, 23]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the effects of emissions from large stationary sources with tall stacks such as fossil-fueled power plants, and from the ground level use of fuels in transportation.
Abstract: Energy production from combustion of fossil fuels tends to dominate the emissions of criteria pollutants. Emissions derive both from large stationary sources with tall stacks such as fossil-fueled power plants, and from the ground level use of fuels in transportation. Management of these sources presents a challenge in the light of multi-scale processes that influence ambient concentration and exposure patterns. Directly emitted pollutants and those resulting from atmospheric chemistry, like O3 and sulfate, nitrate and some organic material in fine particles, are affected by phenomena extending over a range of less than a meter to 107 meters in spatial scale, and minutes to many years in temporal scale. Their environmental effects have an analogous wide range of descriptive spatial and temporal scales. Pollution phenomena can be thought of in terms of three major groupings: neighborhood−urban, regional, and continental−global. Currently, decision-makers are developing emission reduction strategies that c...
6 citations
"Adaptive finite element simulation ..." refers background in this paper
...However, because of the great coupling among key components as ozone, nitrogen compounds, and Volatile Organic Components [15, 16], and due to the awareness about the socio-economic impacts of their immission [17, 18, 19], some references about the need of coupling local emissions using regional planning with Plume in Grid photochemical models can be found [20, 9, 10]....
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