Adaptive thermogenesis in adipocytes: Is beige the new brown?
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TLDR
A deeper understanding of the molecular processes involved in the development and function of these cell types may lead to new therapeutics for obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases.Abstract:
One of the most promising areas in the therapeutics for metabolic diseases centers around activation of the pathways of energy expenditure. Brown adipose tissue is a particularly appealing target for increasing energy expenditure, given its amazing capacity to transform chemical energy into heat. In addition to classical brown adipose tissue, the last few years have seen great advances in our understanding of inducible thermogenic adipose tissue, also referred to as beige fat. A deeper understanding of the molecular processes involved in the development and function of these cell types may lead to new therapeutics for obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Brown and beige fat: development, function and therapeutic potential
Matthew J. Harms,Patrick Seale +1 more
TL;DR: Many genes and pathways that regulate brown and beige adipocyte biology have now been identified, providing a variety of promising therapeutic targets for metabolic disease.
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Ablation of PRDM16 and Beige Adipose Causes Metabolic Dysfunction and a Subcutaneous to Visceral Fat Switch
Paul Cohen,Julia D. Levy,Yingying Zhang,Andrea Frontini,Dmitriy Kolodin,Katrin J. Svensson,James C. Lo,James C. Lo,Xing Zeng,Li Ye,Melin J. Khandekar,Jun Wu,Subhadra C. Gunawardana,Alexander S. Banks,Joao Paulo Camporez,Michael J. Jurczak,Shingo Kajimura,David W. Piston,Diane Mathis,Saverio Cinti,Gerald I. Shulman,Patrick Seale,Bruce M. Spiegelman +22 more
TL;DR: It is shown that adipocyte-specific deletion of the coregulatory protein PRDM16 caused minimal effects on classical brown fat but markedly inhibited beige adipocyte function in subcutaneous fat following cold exposure or β3-agonist treatment, indicating that PRDM 16 and beige fat cells are required for the "browning" of white fat and the healthful effects of sub cutaneous adipose tissue.
Journal ArticleDOI
Eosinophils and type 2 cytokine signaling in macrophages orchestrate development of functional beige fat
Yifu Qiu,Khoa D. Nguyen,Justin I. Odegaard,Xiaojin Cui,Xiao Yu Tian,Richard M. Locksley,Richard D. Palmiter,Ajay Chawla +7 more
TL;DR: The efferent circuit controlling biogenesis of beige fat is uncovered and support for its targeting to treat obesity is provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brown and Beige Fat: Physiological Roles beyond Heat Generation.
TL;DR: This work aims to discuss recent insights regarding the developmental lineages, molecular regulation, and new functions for brown and beige adipocytes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Activated type 2 innate lymphoid cells regulate beige fat biogenesis
Min Woo Lee,Justin I. Odegaard,Lata Mukundan,Yifu Qiu,Ari B. Molofsky,Jesse C. Nussbaum,Karen Yun,Richard M. Locksley,Ajay Chawla +8 more
TL;DR: It is reported here that activation of ILC2s by IL-33 is sufficient to promote the growth of functional beige fat in thermoneutral mice and highlights a critical role for I LC2s and type 2 cytokines in the regulation of adipocyte precursor numbers and fate, and as a consequence, adipose tissue homeostasis.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Brown Adipose Tissue: Function and Physiological Significance
Barbara Cannon,Jan Nedergaard +1 more
TL;DR: The development of brown adipose tissue with its characteristic protein, uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), was probably determinative for the evolutionary success of mammals, as its thermogenesis enhances neonatal survival and allows for active life even in cold surroundings.
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: This article showed that PGC1α expression in muscle stimulates an increase in expression of FNDC5, a membrane protein that is cleaved and secreted as a newly identified hormone, irisin.
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TL;DR: Brown adipose tissue may be metabolically important in men, and the fact that it is reduced yet present in most overweight or obese subjects may make it a target for the treatment of obesity.