Adolescent violence against parents: is it a consequence of gender inequality?

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Adolescent violence against parents: is it a consequence of gender inequality?

Journal Article•

Adolescent violence against parents: is it a consequence of gender inequality?

Izaskun Ibabe, Joana Jaureguizar, Óscar Díaz

01 Jan 2009-European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context (Sociedad española de psicología jurídica y forense)-Vol. 1, Iss: 1, pp 3-24

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the psychosocial profile of juveniles reported for violent behaviours against their parents, as well as the extent to which the phenomenon of violence against parents (VAP) can be explained by the hypothesis of the bi-directionality of intra-family violence.

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Abstract: The aim of the present study was to explore the psychosocial profile of juveniles reported for violent behaviours against their parents, as well as the extent to which the phenomenon of violence against parents (VAP) can be explained by the hypothesis of the bi- directionality of intra-family violence. For this purpose we selected a sample of 103 juveniles classified in three groups -(a) VAP offences, (b) VAP offences and other types of offence, and (c) other offences. In total we analyzed 413 files from the office of the Public Prosecutor for Juveniles in Bilbao (Basque Country, northern Spain). We extracted personal, family context and judicial variables for the juveniles. The results suggest the existence of a specific profile of juveniles reported for VAP, and also show that through the hypothesis of the bi- directionality of intra-family violence it is possible to explain one-third of the cases analyzed.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Sixty years of child to parent abuse research: What we know and where to go

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Melanie Simmons, Troy E. McEwan, Rosemary Purcell, James R. P. Ogloff

01 Jan 2018-Aggression and Violent Behavior

96 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The social ecology of adolescent-initiated parent abuse: A review of the literature

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Jun Sung Hong¹, Michael J. Kral¹, Dorothy L. Espelage¹, Paula Allen-Meares²•Institutions (2)

University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign¹, University of Illinois at Chicago²

01 Jun 2012-Child Psychiatry & Human Development

TL;DR: An ecological framework for understanding adolescent-initiated parent abuse is provided for an examination of how various contexts interact and influence parent abuse behavior, and can provide needed directions for further research.

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Abstract: This article provides an ecological framework for understanding adolescent-initiated parent abuse. We review research on adolescent-initiated parent abuse, identifying sociodemographic characteristics of perpetrators and victims (e.g., gender, age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status [SES]). Bronfenbrenner’s [1] ecological systems theory is applied, which examines the risk and protective factors for adolescent-initiated parent abuse within micro- (maltreatment, domestic violence, parenting behavior and disciplinary strategies), meso- (peer influence), exo- (media influence), macro- (gender role socialization), and chronosystem (change in family structure) levels. Findings from our review suggest that older and White children are significantly more likely to abuse their parents. Females are selective in the target of their aggression, while males target family members in general. Mothers are significantly more likely to be abused than fathers. However, researchers also report variations in the association between SES and parent abuse. Domestic violence and child maltreatment are risk factors, while findings on parenting behavior and disciplinary strategies are mixed. Peer influence, exposure to media violence, gender role socialization, and change in family structure can potentially increase the risk of parent abuse. Practice and research implications are also discussed. An ecological systems framework allows for an examination of how various contexts interact and influence parent abuse behavior, and can provide needed directions for further research.

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87 citations

Cites background from "Adolescent violence against parents..."

...One researcher [23] tested the bi-directionality of youth-to-mother aggression and intimate-partner violence....
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...A number of studies have consistently reported that mothers are significantly more likely than fathers to be targets of parent abuse [9, 10, 20–23]....
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..., emotional bonding between the parent and youth), parental involvement in children’s upbringing, and appropriate disciplinary practices and supervision are relevant protective factors against youth anti-social and aggressive behaviors [23, 58] (see Table 3)....
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..., family violence) or situations of subordination to male authority were significantly more likely to abuse their mothers [23]....
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...[23] Quantitative 103 Juveniles Not reported Characteristics of offense Personal characteristics of juveniles Family characteristics Judicial measures Juveniles charged with parent abuse have higher levels of aggression against peers and adults than those charged with other offenses Domestic violence and substance use can contribute to parent abuse Single-parent families are more likely at risk of parent violence Child Psychiatry Hum Dev (2012) 43:431–454 445...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Child-to-parent violence: the role of exposure to violence and its relationship to social-cognitive processing

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Lourdes Contreras¹, María del Carmen Martín Cano¹•Institutions (1)

University of Jaén¹

01 Jul 2016-European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the exposure to violence in different settings (school, community, home, and TV) and its relationship to some variables of the social-cognitive processing (hostile social perception, impulsivity, ability to anticipate the consequences of social behaviors and to select the appropriate means to achieve the goals of social behaviours) in a group of juveniles who assaulted their parents.

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Abstract: Research suggests that child-to-parent violence (CPV) is related to a previous history of violence within the family setting. The current study was aimed to explore the exposure to violence in different settings (school, community, home, and TV) and its relationship to some variables of the social-cognitive processing (hostile social perception, impulsivity, ability to anticipate the consequences of social behaviors and to select the appropriate means to achieve the goals of social behaviors) in a group of juveniles who assaulted their parents. It is also examined how they differ from other young offenders and non-offender adolescents. The sample included 90 adolescents from Jaen (Spain). Thirty of them were juveniles who had been reported by their parents for being violent towards them and 30 were juveniles who had committed other types of offences. The third group was made up of 30 adolescents without any criminal charge. Adolescents answered measures of exposure to violence, perception of criticism/rejection from parents, hostile social perception, and social problem- solving skills. Results revealed that juveniles who abused their parents reported higher levels of exposure to violence at home when comparing to the other groups. In addition, exposure to violence at home was significantly correlated to the hostile social perception of adolescents in CPV cases. Implications for prevention and treatment are discussed.

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83 citations

Cites background or result from "Adolescent violence against parents..."

...…which is in line with previous studies with community samples (Calvete et al., 2011, Gámez-Guadix & Calvete, 2012; Ibabe et al., 2013; Margolin & Baucom, 2014; Pagani et al., 2004, 2009; Routt & Anderson, 2011), as well as with clinical and forensic samples (Boxer et al., 2009; Ibabe et al., 2009)....
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...…of CPV offenders when compared to the other groups (Boxer et al., 2009; Calvete et al., 2011; Gámez-Guadix & Calvete, 2012; Ibabe et al., 2013; Ibabe et al., 2009; Routt & Anderson, 2011) and, consequently, exposure to violence at home will be the best predictor of CPV (Hypothesis 1); 2)…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Risk Factors for Child-to-Parent Violence

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Izaskun Ibabe¹, Joana Jaureguizar¹, Peter M. Bentler²•Institutions (2)

University of the Basque Country¹, University of California, Los Angeles²

25 May 2013-Journal of Family Violence

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the relationship between child-to-parent violence and other types of intra-family violence such as inter-parental violence and parent-tochild violence, in order to verify which of these two types of domestic violence is a more relevant risk factor for CPV and analyze the presence of gender differences in the bi-directionality of violence.

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Abstract: One of the goals of the present work was to study the relationship between child-to-parent violence (CPV) and other types of intra-family violence such as inter-parental violence and parent-to-child violence, in order to verify which of these two types of domestic violence is a more relevant risk factor for CPV and to analyze the presence of gender differences in the bi-directionality of violence. Another purpose was to identify the psychological profile of perpetrators. The sample comprised 485 adolescents from the province of Gipuzkoa (Spain), of both sexes, taken from nine schools and aged 12 to 18. Parent-to-child violence and inter-parental violence were significant risk factors for CPV. Evidence was found in support of a social learning taking into account gender: boys were more likely to be physically aggressive toward the mother if she was also physically victimized by the father. Differences were found in the profiles of adolescents who behave violently toward their parents (inappropriate upbringing by mother, social maladjustment, and drug abuse) depending on gender.

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81 citations

Cites background from "Adolescent violence against parents..."

...…case, it is not easy to explain why mothers were usually the victims of their children’s violence in a legal sample from the Basque Country (Spain) (Ibabe et al. 2009; Ibabe and Jaureguizar 2010), while in a community sample from the same region the rates of physical violence against fathers and…...
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...In any case, it is not easy to explain why mothers were usually the victims of their children’s violence in a legal sample from the Basque Country (Spain) (Ibabe et al. 2009; Ibabe and Jaureguizar 2010), while in a community sample from the same region the rates of physical violence against fathers and mothers were similar....
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...In the former study, using the legal sample (court reports), Ibabe et al. (2009) found that 80 % of the victims were mothers abused by their sons....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Behavioral problems and depressive symptomatology as predictors of child-to-parent violence

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Izaskun Ibabe¹, Ainara Arnoso¹, Edurne Elgorriaga¹•Institutions (1)

University of the Basque Country¹

01 Jul 2014-European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined whether young offenders who had been charged for violence against their parents presented different psychological problems from youngsters charged with other types of offence and non-offenders.

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Abstract: The number of complaints filed by parents against their children nationwide has increased dramatically, particularly since 2005. The aim of this study was to examine whether young offenders who had been charged for violence against their parents presented different psychological problems from youngsters charged with other types of offence and non-offenders. Data from 231 adolescents of both sexes aged 14 to 18 years and living in the Basque Country (Spain) were analyzed. Of these, 106 were offenders and the rest were from a community sample. Some of the offenders had been charged with child-to-parent violence (n = 59), while the rest of them had not (n = 47). Offenders who had assaulted or abused their parents presented more behavior problems outside home and more characteristics associated with depressive symptomatology than offenders of other types or non-offenders. Certain psychological problems in adolescents could precipitate family conflict situations and leave parents unable to control their children. Findings highlight the need for offenders charged with child-to-parent violence to receive individual psychological therapy.

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74 citations

Cites result from "Adolescent violence against parents..."

...These results would be in the line of those from other studies, since the profile of adolescents who assault their parents includes school adjustment problems (Ibabe et al., 2009) and violent behaviors outside the family environment (Agnew & Huguley, 1989; Jaureguizar et al., 2013)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The Contribution of Marital Violence to Adolescent Aggression Across Different Relationships

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Laura Ann McCloskey, Erika Lichter¹•Institutions (1)

Harvard University¹

01 Apr 2003-Journal of Interpersonal Violence

TL;DR: The authors found that childhood exposure to marital violence predicted aggression toward peers for all youth, and that increased depression partially mediated the impact of marital violence on peer aggression and was associated with dating aggression among girls.

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Abstract: Different forms of aggression were measured in 296 young men and women participating in a study dating from their childhood that included families with marital violence. The youth reported on their perpetration of physical aggression with same-sex peers, dating partners, and parents. Measures were also collected on youth depression and empathy. Childhood exposure to marital violence predicted aggression toward peers for all youth. Marital violence was also related to child-to-parent aggression but only for youth older than 18. Youth from maritally violent homes were more likely to be depressed as adolescents. Elevated depression partially mediated the impact of marital violence on peer aggression and was associated with dating aggression among girls. Although marital violence in childhood was unrelated to empathy scores in adolescence, empathic youth were less likely to engage in dating aggression and peer aggression. Findings indicate that further emphasis should be placed on mental health problems and e...

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292 citations

"Adolescent violence against parents..." refers background or result in this paper

...This hypothesis is also supported by the results of previous research (McCloskey & Lichter, 2003) which found that some sons who abused their mother subsequently abused their own girlfriend/intimate partner....
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...…of violence against parents, confirming the results of previous research (Browne & Hamilton, 1998; Corbalán & Patró, 2003; Hotaling, Straus, & Lincoln, 1990; Kratcoski, 1985; Langhinrichsen-Rohling & Neidig, 1995; McCloskey & Lichter, 2003; Meredith et al., 1986; Straus & Hotaling, 1980)....
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...However, some authors (Bobic, 2002; McCloskey & Lichter, 2003) report similar representation of males and females....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Adolescent-to-Parent Abuse A Qualitative Overview of Common Themes

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Barbara Cottrell¹, Peter Monk²•Institutions (2)

Halifax¹, University of Victoria²

01 Nov 2004-Journal of Family Issues

TL;DR: Overall findings revealed a number of interacting factors that contribute to adolescent-to-parent abuse, and these occur across psychological, intrafamilial, social, and political spheres.

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Abstract: Adolescent-to-parent abuse is a serious social problem that has received limited attention from researchers and service providers. Most knowledge about this type of violence in the family comes from quantitative studies that focus on intrafamilial characteristics, demographic factors, and overall rates of abuse. The aim of this article is to provide detailed qualitative descriptions of adolescent-to-parent abuse based on the combined findings of two independent Canadian studies. Information was gathered through semistructured focus groups and individual interviews with youth, parents, and service providers—all of whom were selectively recruited for their experiential knowledge on this topic. The data from both studies were analyzed through a qualitative coding strategy, and the research process was guided by a critical constructivist philosophy with a focus on nested ecological theory. Overall findings revealed a number of interacting factors that contribute to adolescent-to-parent abuse, and these occur ...

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255 citations

"Adolescent violence against parents..." refers background or result in this paper

...…about violence and the possible modelling of aggressive behaviour is also the explanation offered for results indicating that children who witness gender violence in their homes subsequently show violent 6 Ibabe et al. behaviours toward their mothers (Corbalán & Patró, 2003; Cottrell & Monk, 2004)....
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...Cottrell and Monk (2004) also found reactive attachment disorder, disruptive behaviour disorder and learning disorder....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Teenage Violence Toward Parents as an Adaptation to Family Strain Evidence from a National Survey of Male Adolescents

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Timothy Brezina¹•Institutions (1)

Tulane University¹

01 Jun 1999-Youth & Society

TL;DR: In this article, longitudinal data from a national survey of male adolescents are analyzed to test the assumption that child aggression represents a functional response to family strain, and the results indicate a reciprocal relationship between parental and child aggression, characterized by countervailing effects.

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Abstract: Certain strain and social learning theorists contend that child-to-parent violence represents a functional response to family adversity (or strain). In particular, these theorists suggest that child-to-parent aggression can be understood partly as an attempt to cope with negative treatment by parents or other family members. Furthermore, violent responses may work for children, allowing them to terminate such treatment. In this study, longitudinal data from a national survey of male adolescents are analyzed to test the assumption that child aggression represents a functional response to family strain. Consistent with theoretical accounts, the results indicate a reciprocal relationship between parental and child aggression, characterized by countervailing effects. Although aggression by parents (slapping) tends to foster aggression on the part of the male adolescent child, aggression by the male adolescent child tends to deter the assaultive behavior of parents. Implications for criminological theory, rese...

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213 citations

"Adolescent violence against parents..." refers background in this paper

...It has been found that the higher the rate of corporal punishment by parents on children, the greater the presence of violent behaviours by the children against their parents (Brezina, 1999; Larzelere, 1986; Mahoney & Donnelly, 2000; Patterson, 1995; Peek, Fischer, & Kidwell, 1985)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Risk factor models for adolescent verbal and physical aggression toward mothers

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Linda S. Pagani¹, Richard E. Tremblay¹, Daniel S. Nagin², Mark Zoccolillo³, Frank Vitaro¹, Pierre McDuff¹ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (3)

Université de Montréal¹, Carnegie Mellon University², McGill University³

01 Nov 2004-International Journal of Behavioral Development

TL;DR: This article examined prospective and concurrent risk factors associated with verbal and physical aggression toward mothers by 15/16 year-old adolescent sons and daughters by using data from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children.

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Abstract: Contributing to the family violence and conflict literature, we examine prospective and concurrent risk factors associated with verbal and physical aggression toward mothers by 15/16 year-old adolescent sons and daughters. Data from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children is used to examine the influence of socioeconomic factors, inherent individual and family environment factors, and prospective and concurrent parenting process factors as predictors of adolescent aggression (in the last 6 months). A childhood behavioural pattern characterised by physical aggression generated the highest risk of adolescent-directed verbal and physical aggression toward mothers. Aggressive parental punishment in the last 6 months significantly predicted aggression toward mothers. A childhood life-course of violence seems to culminate in verbal and physical aggression toward mothers during adolescence. Given this building-up process from childhood, harsh parental punishment of the adolescent seems to only inc...

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202 citations

"Adolescent violence against parents..." refers background in this paper

...Given the importance of the peer group as a socializing and shaping agent in adolescence, Pagani et al. (2003, 2004) focused in particular on the socio-educational context of these juveniles, finding that disruptive behaviours as a child at school constituted an important predictive factor for…...
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...Pagani et al. (2004) argue that it is necessary to take into account certain modulating variables of the relationship between violence by parents against children and violence by children against parents....
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...In this line, Pagani et al. (2004) pointed out that regular use of substances can increase verbal aggression by juveniles against parents by 60%....
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...Likewise, Pagani et al. (2004) found significant predictive associations between high levels of substance use and physical or verbal aggressions toward the mother....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Violence by Children Against Mothers in Relation to Violence Between Parents and Corporal Punishment by Parents

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Arina Ulman¹, Murray A. Straus¹•Institutions (1)

University of New Hampshire¹

01 Jan 2003-Journal of Comparative Family Studies

TL;DR: The authors examined violence by children against parents, with particular emphasis on violence against mothers, using interviews with parents of a nationally representative sample of 1,200 children. But they focused on violence towards mothers.

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Abstract: This article examines violence by children against parents, with particular emphasis on violence against mothers. The data are from interviews with parents of a nationally representative sample of ...

...read moreread less

196 citations

"Adolescent violence against parents..." refers background in this paper

...…against parents (Hartz, 1995; Kratcoski, 1985; Langhinrichsen-Rohling & Neidig, 1995; Mahoney & Donnelly, 2000; Meredith, Abbot, & Adams, 1986; Straus & Hotaling, 1980), this variable being more relevant than marital violence in the development of the latter phenomenon (Ulman & Straus, 2003)....
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