Adsorption thermodynamic, kinetic and desorption studies of Pb2+ on carbon nanotubes.
TL;DR: Desorption studies reveal that Pb2+ can be easily removed from carbon Nanotubes by altering the pH values of the solution using both HCl and HNO3, indicating that carbon nanotubes are a promising absorbent for wastewater treatment.
About: This article is published in Water Research.The article was published on 2005-02-01. It has received 654 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Carbon nanotube & Adsorption.
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TL;DR: Recent development in nanotechnology for water and wastewater treatment is reviewed, covering candidate nanomaterials, properties and mechanisms that enable the applications, advantages and limitations as compared to existing processes, and barriers and research needs for commercialization.
1,744 citations
1,531 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), member of the fullerene structural family, is considered with special focus on the removal of heavy metals from water (lead, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, copper, zinc and nickel).
946 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the technical feasibility of various kinds of raw and surface oxidized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for sorption of divalent metal ions (Cd 2+, Cu 2+, Ni 2+, Pb 2+ and Zn 2+ ) from aqueous solution is reviewed.
944 citations
TL;DR: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have aroused widespread attention as a new type of adsorbents due to their outstanding ability for the removal of various inorganic and organic pollutants, and radionuclides from large volumes of wastewater as discussed by the authors.
937 citations
References
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NEC1
TL;DR: Iijima et al. as mentioned in this paper reported the preparation of a new type of finite carbon structure consisting of needle-like tubes, which were produced using an arc-discharge evaporation method similar to that used for fullerene synthesis.
Abstract: THE synthesis of molecular carbon structures in the form of C60 and other fullerenes1 has stimulated intense interest in the structures accessible to graphitic carbon sheets. Here I report the preparation of a new type of finite carbon structure consisting of needle-like tubes. Produced using an arc-discharge evaporation method similar to that used for fullerene synthesis, the needles grow at the negative end of the electrode used for the arc discharge. Electron microscopy reveals that each needle comprises coaxial tubes of graphitic sheets, ranging in number from 2 up to about 50. On each tube the carbon-atom hexagons are arranged in a helical fashion about the needle axis. The helical pitch varies from needle to needle and from tube to tube within a single needle. It appears that this helical structure may aid the growth process. The formation of these needles, ranging from a few to a few tens of nanometres in diameter, suggests that engineering of carbon structures should be possible on scales considerably greater than those relevant to the fullerenes. On 7 November 1991, Sumio Iijima announced in Nature the preparation of nanometre-size, needle-like tubes of carbon — now familiar as 'nanotubes'. Used in microelectronic circuitry and microscopy, and as a tool to test quantum mechanics and model biological systems, nanotubes seem to have unlimited potential.
39,086 citations
"Adsorption thermodynamic, kinetic a..." refers background in this paper
...Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a new member of the carbon family, have attracted special attentions to many researchers after their discovery in 1991 (Iijima, 1991) because they possess unique morphologies and have showed excellent properties and great potential for engineering applications such as composite reinforce-...
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TL;DR: In this article, a gas can condense to high density inside narrow, single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) under conditions that do not induce adsorption within a standard mesoporous activated carbon.
Abstract: Pores of molecular dimensions can adsorb large quantities of gases owing to the enhanced density of the adsorbed material inside the pores1, a consequence of the attractive potential of the pore walls. Pederson and Broughton have suggested2 that carbon nanotubes, which have diameters of typically a few nanometres, should be able to draw up liquids by capillarity, and this effect has been seen for low-surface-tension liquids in large-diameter, multi-walled nanotubes3. Here we show that a gas can condense to high density inside narrow, single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs). Temperature-programmed desorption spectrosocopy shows that hydrogen will condense inside SWNTs under conditions that do not induce adsorption within a standard mesoporous activated carbon. The very high hydrogen uptake in these materials suggests that they might be effective as a hydrogen-storage material for fuel-cell electric vehicles.
3,558 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: Handbook of the Toxicology of Metals as discussed by the authors is the standard reference work for physicians, toxicologists and engineers in the field of environmental and occupational health, which is a comprehensive review of the effects on biological systems from metallic elements and compounds.
Abstract: "Handbook of the Toxicology of Metals" is the standard reference work for physicians, toxicologists and engineers in the field of environmental and occupational health. This new edition is a comprehensive review of the effects on biological systems from metallic elements and their compounds. An entirely new structure and illustrations represent the vast array of advancements made since the last edition. Special emphasis has been placed on the toxic effects in humans with chapters on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of metal poisoning.This up-to-date reference provides easy access to a broad range of basic toxicological data and also gives a general introduction to the toxicology of metallic compounds. It covers up-to-date toxicological information on 31 metallic elements and their compounds, each in a separate chapter. It includes new chapters on general chemistry, biological monitoring and biomarkers, essential metals, principles for prevention of the toxic effects of metals, and more.
2,967 citations
"Adsorption thermodynamic, kinetic a..." refers background in this paper
...Drinking those that contain Pb ions for a long term, even if in a very low concentration, could lead to a wide range of spectrum health problems, such as nausea, convulsions, coma, renal failure, cancer and subtle effects on metabolism and intelligence (Friberg et al., 1979; Rashed, 2001)....
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919 citations
Additional excerpts
..., 1997) and catalyst support phases (Planeix et al., 1994)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the observation of single nanotube fragmentation, under tensile stresses, using nanotubes-containing thin polymeric films, and they estimate that the multi-wall multi-nanotube-matrix stress transfer efficiency is at least one order of magnitude larger than in conventional fiber-based composites.
Abstract: We report the observation of single nanotube fragmentation, under tensile stresses, using nanotube-containing thin polymeric films. Similar fragmentation tests with single fibers instead of nanotubes are routinely performed to study the fiber-matrix stress transfer ability in fiber composite materials, and thus the efficiency and quality of composite interfaces. The multiwall nanotube-matrix stress transfer efficiency is estimated to be at least one order of magnitude larger than in conventional fiber-based composites.
897 citations
"Adsorption thermodynamic, kinetic a..." refers background in this paper
...ment (Wagner et al., 1998), field emission element (Wang et al....
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