Advanced nanoporous material–based QCM devices: A new horizon of interfacial mass sensing technology
TL;DR: In this paper, an overview of recent advancement in the fabrication of piezoelectric devices for the interfacial mass sensing of targeted chemical vapors and ions through combination with nanoporous materials including mesoporous materials carbon-based nanomaterials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), MOF-derived nanoporous carbons, Prussian blue (PB) and its analogues (PBA), zeolites and related materials.
Abstract: Mass interfacial processes have been considered as one of the crucial factors supporting fundamental research. Due to the low cost and conceptual simplicity, significant advancements have been achieved in the development of methodologies based on piezoelectric devices for in situ determination of mass changes on the surfaces of deposited materials under various conditions. The introduction of nanomaterials for designing sensors and monitoring systems becomes essential to create advanced detection systems for selective sensing of toxic analytes for environmental remediation. The integration of materials with predesignated nanostructures into sensor devices, such as surface acoustic wave (SAW), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and QCM with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring, has led to an immense progress in the sensing applications of toxic target analytes at the nanogram range. Here, an overview is introduced of recent advancement in the fabrication of piezoelectric devices for the interfacial mass sensing of targeted chemical vapors and ions through combination with nanoporous materials including mesoporous materials carbon-based nanomaterials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), MOF-derived nanoporous carbons, Prussian blue (PB) and its analogues (PBA), zeolites and related materials. Challenges and future prospect are also summarized by the advanced QCM technique associated with properties of nanostructured materials.
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TL;DR: This review aims to summarise the chemical strategies that have guided the design of conductive metal-organic frameworks and the identified opportunities for further development and showcase relevant examples of functional devices that have received increasing attention from researchers.
Abstract: Materials scientists are currently shifting from purely inorganic, organic and silicon-based materials towards hybrid organic-inorganic materials to develop increasingly complex and powerful electronic devices. In this context, it is undeniable that conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and bistable coordination polymers (CPs) are carving a niche for themselves in the electronics world. The tunability and processability of these materials alongside the combination of electrical conductivity with porosity or spin transition offers unprecedented technological opportunities for their integration into functional devices. This review aims to summarise the chemical strategies that have guided the design of this type of materials and the identified opportunities for further development. We also examine the strategies to process them as thin films and stress the importance of analysing the effects of nanostructuration on their physical properties that might be crucial for device performance. Finally, we showcase relevant examples of functional devices that have received increasing attention from researchers and highlight the opportunities available for more sophisticated applications that could take full advantage of the combination of electrical conductivity and magnetic bistability.
101 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF-based materials in gas monitoring based on QCM is presented, and future perspectives and challenges faced by MOFs in gas sensing are discussed.
Abstract: Gas safety has penetrated into every corner of life. As such, detection and control of hazardous gases or humidity will always be indispensable. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) platform modified by various sensing materials is a novel and high performance sensing device. As functional materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with unique physical and chemical properties show promise in gas sensing. In this review, we overviewed the application of MOFs and MOF-based materials in gas monitoring based on QCM. A variety of harmful gases (including formaldehyde, toluene, acetone, etc.) and humidity are mentioned. Future perspectives and challenges faced by MOFs in gas sensing will also be discussed. This review tries to summarize the development of MOF science and application in the research field of QCM-based gas sensor, and provide guidance to scientists who have just come into contact with this field.
95 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review examines studies since 2015 that focus on the applications of metal-organic frameworks and devices in chemical sensing, including solid-state sensing applications, based on electronic, electrochemical, electromechanical and optical sensing methods.
Abstract: Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are exceptionally large surface area materials with organized porous cages that have been investigated for nearly three decades. Due to the flexibility in their design and predisposition toward functionalization, they have shown promise in many areas of application, including chemical sensing. Consequently, they are identified as advanced materials with potential for deployment in analytical devices for chemical and biochemical sensing applications, where high sensitivity is desirable, for example, in environmental monitoring and to advance personal diagnostics. To keep abreast of new research, which signposts the future directions in the development of MOF-based chemical sensors, this review examines studies since 2015 that focus on the applications of MOF films and devices in chemical sensing. Various examples that use MOF films in solid-state sensing applications were drawn from recent studies based on electronic, electrochemical, electromechanical and optical sensing methods. These examples underscore the readiness of MOFs to be integrated in optical and electronic analytical devices. Also, preliminary demonstrations of future sensors are indicated in the performances of MOF-based wearables and smartphone sensors. This review will inspire collaborative efforts between scientists and engineers working within the field of MOFs, leading to greater innovations and accelerating the development of MOF-based analytical devices for chemical and biochemical sensing applications.
86 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of porous organic polymers (POPs) as a platform for sensing applications can be found in this paper , where different structure-based POPs and their corresponding synthetic strategies as well as related sensing mechanisms mainly including energy transfer, donor-acceptor electron transfer, absorption competition quenching and inner filter effect are discussed.
Abstract: Sensing analysis is significantly important for human health and environmental safety, and has gained increasing concern. As a promising material, porous organic polymers (POPs) have drawn widespread attention due to the availability of plentiful building blocks and their tunable structures, porosity and functions. Moreover, the permanent porous nature could provide a micro-environment to interact with guest molecules, rendering POPs attractive for application in the sensing field. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of POPs as a platform for sensing applications. POP-based sensors are mainly divided into five categories, including fluorescence turn-on sensors, fluorescence turn-off sensors, ratiometric fluorescent sensors, colorimetric sensors and chemiresistive sensors, and their various sensing applications in detecting explosives, metal ions, anions, small molecules, biological molecules, pH changes, enantiomers, latent fingerprints and thermosensation are summarized. The different structure-based POPs and their corresponding synthetic strategies as well as the related sensing mechanisms mainly including energy transfer, donor-acceptor electron transfer, absorption competition quenching and inner filter effect are also involved in the discussion. Finally, the future outlook and perspective are addressed briefly.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarize the recent progress on QCM gas sensors and QCM humidity sensors based on graphene materials and graphene composites, and the challenges for future works related to the development of QCM sensors coated by graphene materials or graphene composite materials.
Abstract: Graphene and graphene-based materials have shown great potential for detecting gases and humidity due to their high specific surface areas. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors have been massively developed because they have high sensitivity, consume low energy, and can be readily modified. Recently, QCM coated by graphene composites has been explored to sensitively and selectively detect various gases and humidity. Herein, we summarize the recent progress on QCM gas sensors and QCM humidity sensors based on graphene materials and graphene composites. We start from an introduction to the sensing principle of QCM, synthesis and preparation of graphene materials used for QCM sensing material, application of graphene materials and graphene composites for sensing materials of QCM gas sensors and humidity sensors, and the mechanism of those sensors. We mainly summarize the recent advances in the performances of QCM gas sensor and QCM humidity sensor coated with pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and various graphene-based composite materials, including chemical, polymer, metal oxide, and other carbon-based materials. The challenges for future works related to the development of QCM sensors coated by graphene materials or graphene composites are also elaborated.
75 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, eigenfrequenz der Platte infolge Vergroserung der schwingenden Masse is vermessen, so das eine empirische Eichung bei der Schichtwagung mit Schwingquarzen entfallt.
Abstract: Wird eine Fremdschicht auf eine zu Dickenscherungsschwingungen angeregte Schwingquarzplatte aufgebracht, so andert sich die Eigenfrequenz der Platte infolge Vergroserung der schwingenden Masse. Da die Frequenzanderung eines Schwingquarzes sehr genau vermessen werden kann, ergibt sich daraus eine sehr empfindliche Methode zur Wagung dunner Schichten. Massenbelegung der Fremdschicht und Frequenzanderung sind einander proportional. Die Proportionalitatskonstante last sich aus der Eigenfrequenz des Schwingquarzes berechnen, so das eine empirische Eichung bei der Schichtwagung mit Schwingquarzen entfallt. Die Genauigkeit des Schichtwageverfahrens ist in erster Linie durch die Temperaturabhangigkeit der Quarzeigenfrequenz begrenzt und betragt bei 1° C zugelassener Temperaturschwankung etwa ±4 · 10−9 g · cm−2. Das entspricht einer mittleren Dicke von 0,4 A bei der Dichte ϱ=1 g · cm−3. Das Verfahren wurde auch zur direkten Wagung einer Masse ausgenutzt (Mikrowagung). Dabei lies sich eine Genauigkeit von 10−10g erreichen.
8,035 citations
01 Jan 1959
7,057 citations
TL;DR: An overview of the preparation, properties, and potential applications of mesoporous organic-inorganic hybrid materials in the areas of catalysis, sorption, chromatography, and the construction of systems for controlled release of active compounds, as well as molecular switches, are given.
Abstract: Mesoporous organic-inorganic hybrid materials, a new class of materials characterized by large specific surface areas and pore sizes between 2 and 15 nm, have been obtained through the coupling of inorganic and organic components by template synthesis. The incorporation of functionalities can be achieved in three ways: by subsequent attachment of organic components onto a pure silica matrix (grafting), by simultaneous reaction of condensable inorganic silica species and silylated organic compounds (co-condensation, one-pot synthesis), and by the use of bissilylated organic precursors that lead to periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs). This Review gives an overview of the preparation, properties, and potential applications of these materials in the areas of catalysis, sorption, chromatography, and the construction of systems for controlled release of active compounds, as well as molecular switches, with the main focus being on PMOs.
2,765 citations
TL;DR: The lithium storage properties of graphene nanosheet (GNS) materials as high capacity anode materials for rechargeable lithium secondary batteries (LIB) were investigated and the specific capacity of GNS was found to be 540 mAh/g, which is much larger than that of graphite, and this was increased by the incorporation of macromolecules of CNT and C60 to the GNS.
Abstract: The lithium storage properties of graphene nanosheet (GNS) materials as high capacity anode materials for rechargeable lithium secondary batteries (LIB) were investigated. Graphite is a practical anode material used for LIB, because of its capability for reversible lithium ion intercalation in the layered crystals, and the structural similarities of GNS to graphite may provide another type of intercalation anode compound. While the accommodation of lithium in these layered compounds is influenced by the layer spacing between the graphene nanosheets, control of the intergraphene sheet distance through interacting molecules such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) or fullerenes (C60) might be crucial for enhancement of the storage capacity. The specific capacity of GNS was found to be 540 mAh/g, which is much larger than that of graphite, and this was increased up to 730 mAh/g and 784 mAh/g, respectively, by the incorporation of macromolecules of CNT and C60 to the GNS.
2,692 citations
2,346 citations